Substituted amide compound

ABSTRACT

A substituted amide compound is useful as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition, in particular a pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases caused by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). The compound is of a formula: 
                         
In this formula, A is an optionally substituted aryl, etc.; B is an optionally substituted 5-membered aromatic hetero ring group; X is a single bond or —(CR X1 R X2 ) n —; n is 1, 2, 3, or 4; R X1  and R X2  are hydrogen, etc.; Y 1  to Y 5  are each CR Y  or N; each R Y  is hydrogen, etc.; R 1  and R 2  are hydrogen, etc.; m is 1, 2, or 3; R 3  is hydrogen, etc.; and R 4  is an optionally substituted lower alkyl, etc.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a substituted amide compound which is useful as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition, in particular, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating diseases caused by lysophosphatidic acid (hereinafter abbreviated as LPA).

BACKGROUND ART

LPA is a phospholipid, for example, as represented by the following chemical formula, which has a simple structure containing a glycerol unit in which a fatty acid is present at the 1-position or 2-position and a phosphate group is bonded at the 3-position. Examples thereof include 1-acyl LPA, 1-alkyl LPA, 1-alkenyl LPA, 2-acyl LPA, and the like. Further, it has diversity depending on the type of the fatty acid, and may be classified into 18:1-LPA, 18:3-LPA, 16:0-LPA, and the like according to the length of the carbon chain and the degree of unsaturation.

It is known that LPA is produced in various parts of the living body, both inside and outside of the cells, transduces signals into the cell mainly by binding to a G-protein coupled receptor present on the cell surface, and shows various physiological effects. 5 subtypes of LPA receptors are known, LPA1 to LPA5. Among these, three types of receptors, LPA1, LPA2, and LPA3 are also called EDG (Endothelial Differentiation Gene) 2, EDG4, and EDG7, respectively. The LPA receptors subtypes are distributed in various parts in the living body, but the localization tissue varies depending on the subtype, and it is thought that each receptor subtypes are involved in the biological functions of each tissue.

It has been reported that LPA is present in the semen in the lower urinary tract tissue (Non-Patent Document 1), and it has been revealed that LPA induces contraction of isolated urethral and prostate tissue strips in vitro, and increases the urethral pressure in vivo (Patent Document 1).

Furthermore, it has been reported that LPA induces contraction of isolated bladder smooth muscle cells, and LPA also promotes the proliferation of prostate cells obtained from benign prostatic hyperplasia (Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3).

In the nerve cells, LPA1 is highly expressed in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in a myelination period, and is expressed in correspondence with the period of myelination (Non-Patent Document 4).

It is also known that in a mouse model with demyelination, the amount of mRNA of LPA1 decreases by about 40% (Non-Patent Document 5).

It has been suggested that LPA inhibits the cell death of Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, and is involved in the myelination (Non-Patent Document 6).

It has further been reported that LPA and LPA 1 are involved in the expression of neuropathic pain (Non-Patent Document 7).

It has been shown that LPA is involved in various fibrotic diseases. It has been reported that in hepatic fibrosis, LPA promotes the contraction and proliferation of stellate cells which play an important role in the process of hepatic fibrosis and that the LPA concentration increases in patients with chronic hepatitis C and animal models with various hepatic diseases (Non-Patent Documents 8, 9, 10, and 11). It has further been reported that in renal fibrosis, the production of LPA and the expression of LPA1 increase in a mice with unilateral ureteral ligation model, which is an animal model of renal fibrosis, and the progression of fibrosis decreases in LPA1-deficient mice and LPA receptor antagonists (Non-Patent Document 12). It has been reported that with respect to pulmonary fibrosis, the LPA concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis increases, that the LPA concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increases in model mice with bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, and that the progression of fibrosis and the death are remarkably inhibited in LPA1-deficient mice (Non-Patent Document 13).

In addition, it has been reported that LPA is accumulated to mediate the activation of platelets and endothelial cells by oxidized LDL in atherosclerosis lesions, and it has been suggested that LPA is involved in cardiovascular diseases (Non-Patent Document 14).

Furthermore, it is known that in the proliferative diseases, LPA promotes the migration of cancer cells (Non-Patent Document 15). It has been reported that the LPA concentration increases in the ascites of patients with ovarian cancer, and actually promotes the proliferation of the ovarian cancer cells (Non-Patent Documents 16 and 17). It has been reported that in prostate cancer, the expression of LPA1 receptor increases in the tumorlesion and the proliferation is enhanced in the prostate cancer cells overexpressing LPA1 (Non-Patent Document 18). It also has been reported that in breast cancer bone metastasis models, overexpression of LPA1 increases tumor proliferation/metastasi and LPA receptor antagonist inhibits the metastasis (Non-Patent Document 19). Further, in recent years, it has been rapidly revealed that various cells surrounding cancer cells assist the survival, growth, and distant metastasis of cancer cells in the cancer tissues. It has been revealed that human fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into tumor-associated fibroblasts through the activation of LPA1 in tumor tissues by transplantation with cancer cells, thereby promoting the growth/angiogenesis of tumors (Non-Patent Document 20).

From the findings obtained by various studies on the LPA and LPA receptors, it is thought that an agent which inhibits the physiological activity of LPA, in particular, an antagonist of LPA1, may be useful as a drug for preventing or treating urologic diseases such as urinary dysfunction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and the like, central/peripheral nervous system neurological diseases and urological nerve diseases, hepatitis and renal insufficiency, fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the like, cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and the like, and proliferative diseases such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and the like.

Meanwhile, it is known that a carboxylic acid derivative represented by the formula (A) has an LPA receptor antagonistic action and is useful for various diseases, for example, urinary system diseases, cancer-related diseases, proliferative diseases, inflammatory immune disease, brain-related diseases, chronic diseases, and the like (Patent Document 2).

(wherein Z represents an acidic group, for the others, refer to the publication.)

It is further known that a compound represented by the formula (B) has an LPA receptor antagonistic action and is useful for various diseases, for example, urinary system diseases (symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, neurogenic bladder diseases, and the like), cancer-related diseases, proliferative diseases, inflammatory immune diseases, brain-related diseases, chronic diseases, and the like (Patent Document 3).

(for the symbols in the formula, refer to the publication.)

In any of the documents above, there is no specific disclosure of the compound of the present invention.

RELATED ART Non-Patent Document

-   [Non-Patent Document 1] FEBS Lett. 2002, 523, 187. -   [Non-Patent Document 2] J. Urol. 1999, 162, 1779. -   [Non-Patent Document 3] J. Urol. 2000, 163, 1027. -   [Non-Patent Document 4] Eur. J. Neurosci. 1998, 10, 1045. -   [Non-Patent Document 5] J. Comp. Neurol. 1998, 398, 587. -   [Non-Patent Document 6] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999, 96,     5233. -   [Non-Patent Document 7] Nat. Med. 2004, 10, 712. -   [Non-Patent Document 8] Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000, 277,     72. -   [Non-Patent Document 9] Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000, 248,     436. -   [Non-Patent Document 10] J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2007, 41, 616. -   [Non-Patent Document 11] Life Sci. 2007, 81, 1009. -   [Non-Patent Document 12] J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2007, 18, 3110. -   [Non-Patent Document 13] Nat. Med. 2008, 14, 45. -   [Non-Patent Document 14] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999, 96,     6931. -   [Non-Patent Document 15] Biochem. Biophysic. Res. Communic. 1993,     193, 497. -   [Non-Patent Document 16] JAMA 1998, 280, 719. -   [Non-Patent Document 17] J. Natl. Cancer. Inst. 2001, 93, 762. -   [Non-Patent Document 18] Endocrinology 2006, 147, 4883. -   [Non-Patent Document 19] Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. 2006, 103, 9643. -   [Non-Patent Document 20] Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010, 1801, 1205. -   [Patent Document 1] Pamphlet of International Publication WO     02/062389 -   [Patent Document 2] Pamphlet of International Publication WO     2004/031118 -   [Patent Document 3] Pamphlet of International Publication WO     2005/058790

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Technical Problem Problems to be Solved by the Invention

The present invention provides a substituted amide compound which is useful as an active component of a pharmaceutical composition, in particular, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating diseases caused by LPA.

Means for Solving the Problems

The present inventors have made intensive studies on a compound having an antagonistic action against LPA receptor, and as a result, they have found that a substituted amide compound which is the compound of the present invention has an excellent antagonistic action against LPA receptor and is useful as an agent for preventing and/or treating diseases caused by LPA, thereby completing the present invention.

The present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof.

(wherein A is an aryl which may be substituted or an aromatic hetero ring group which may be substituted,

B is a 5-membered aromatic hetero ring group which may be substituted,

X is a single bond or —(CR^(X1)R^(X2))_(n)—,

n is 1, 2, 3, or 4,

R^(X1) and R^(X2) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, OH, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), or lower alkyl which may be substituted, or

R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with each other to form oxo (═O), or

R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with each other to form C₂₋₅ alkylene which may be substituted,

in which when n is 2, 3, or 4, R^(X1) may be combined with adjacent R^(X1) to form a new bond,

Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are the same as or different from each other, and are CR^(Y) or N,

R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), —S-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), lower alkyl which may be substituted, lower alkenyl which may be substituted, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted,

R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), or lower alkyl which may be substituted,

m is 1, 2, or 3,

R³ is H, or lower alkyl which may be substituted,

R⁴ is lower alkyl which may be substituted, lower alkenyl which may be substituted, cycloalkyl which may be substituted, aryl which may be substituted, a hetero ring group which may be substituted, or NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², or

R³ and R⁴ may be combined with each other to form C₂₋₅ alkylene which may be substituted, and

R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), —C(═O)-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), —C(═O)—O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), —NH—C(═O)-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), lower alkyl which may be substituted, lower alkenyl which may be substituted, cycloalkyl which may be substituted, aryl which may be substituted, or a hetero ring group which may be substituted, or R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² may be combined with nitrogen atoms to which they are bonded to form a nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group,

in which when R⁴ is NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², at least one of R³, R¹⁰¹, and R¹⁰² is H.)

Moreover, unless specified otherwise, in the case where the symbols of the formulae in the present specification are also used in other chemical formulae, the same symbols denote the same meanings.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition including the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof, and an excipient.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical composition, in particular, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating diseases caused by LPA, which includes the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof, and an excipient.

In addition, the present invention relates to use of the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating diseases caused by LPA, use of the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof for prevention and/or treatment of diseases caused by LPA, the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof for prevention and/or treatment of diseases caused by LPA, and a method for preventing and/or treating diseases caused by LPA, including administering to a patient an effective amount of the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof.

Effects of the Invention

The compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof has an antagonistic action against LPA receptor and can be used as an agent for preventing and/or treating diseases caused by LPA.

EMBODIMENTS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. Further, “the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof” may be hereinafter denoted as “the compound (I) of the present invention” or “the compound (I)” in some cases.

In the present specification, the “lower alkyl” refers to linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (which is hereinafter simply referred to as C₁₋₆), for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, or the like. In another embodiment, it is C₁₋₄ alkyl, and in a still another embodiment, C₁₋₃ alkyl.

The “lower alkenyl” refers to linear or branched C₂₋₆ alkenyl, for example, vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, 1-methylvinyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, 1,3-pentadienyl, or the like. In another embodiment, it is C₂₋₄ alkenyl, and in a still another embodiment, C₂₋₃ alkenyl.

The “lower alkynyl” refers to linear or branched C₂₋₆ alkynyl, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, 1,3-butadiynyl, 1,3-pentadiynyl, or the like. In another embodiment, it is C₂₋₄ alkynyl.

The “alkylene” refers to linear or branched alkylene. The “C₂₋₅ alkylene” means alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, for example, methylene, ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, propylene, methylmethylene, ethylethylene, 1,2-dimethylethylene, or the like. Further, in another embodiment, it is C₂₋₄ alkylene, and in a still another embodiment, C₂₋₃ alkylene.

The “cycloalkyl” refers to a C₃₋₁₀ saturated hydrocarbon ring group, which may have a bridge. It is, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, or the like. In an embodiment, it is C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl, and in a still another embodiment, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl.

The “aryl” includes a C₆₋₁₄ monocyclic to tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, and includes a ring group condensed with C₅₋₈ cycloalkene at its double bond site. It is, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, 5-tetrahydronaphthyl, 4-indenyl, 1-fluorenyl, or the like.

The “hetero ring” means a ring group selected from i) a monocyclic 3- to 8-membered, and in another embodiment, a 5- to 7-membered hetero ring, containing 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen, and ii) a bi- to tricyclic hetero ring containing 1 to 5 hetero atoms selected from oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen, formed by condensation of the monocyclic hetero ring with one or two rings is selected from the group consisting of a monocyclic hetero ring, a benzene ring, C₅₋₈ cycloalkane, and C₅₋₈ cycloalkene. The ring atom, sulfur or nitrogen, may be oxidized to form an oxide or a dioxide.

Examples of the “hetero ring” include the following embodiments.

(1) Monocyclic saturated hetero ring groups

(a) those containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, azepanyl, diazepanyl, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperazinyl, azocanyl, hexamethyleneimino, homopiperazinyl, and the like;

(b) those containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms and 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and/or 1 to 2 oxygen atoms, for example, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, thiadiazolyl, isothiazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, and the like;

(c) those containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms, for example, tetrahydrothiopyranyl and the like;

(d) those containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 2 oxygen atoms, for example, oxathiolanyl and the like;

(e) those containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms, for example, oxiranyl, oxetanyl, dioxolanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, and the like;

(2) Monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring groups

(a) those containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, 2-imidazolinyl, pyrazolyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, pyridyl, dihydropyridyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, dihydrotriazinyl, azepinyl, and the like;

(b) those containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms and 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and/or 1 to 2 oxygen atoms, for example, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, dihydrothiazinyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazinyl, and the like;

(c) those containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms, for example, thienyl, thiepinyl, dihydrodithiopyranyl, dihydrodithionyl, 2H-thiopyranyl, and the like;

(d) those containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 2 oxygen atoms, specifically, dihydroxathiopyranyl and the like;

(e) those containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms, for example, furyl, dihydrofuryl, pyranyl, 2H-pyranyl, oxepinyl, dioxolyl, and the like;

(3) Fused polycyclic saturated hetero ring groups

(a) those containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, for example, quinuclidinyl, 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanyl, and the like;

(b) those containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms and 1 to 3 sulfur atoms and/or 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, for example, trithiadiazaindenyl, dioxoloimidazolidinyl, and the like;

(c) those containing 1 to 3 sulfur atoms and/or 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, for example, 2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]oct-7-yl and the like;

(4) Fused polycyclic unsaturated hetero ring groups

(a) those containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, for example, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, indolizinyl, benzoimidazolyl, dihydrobenzoimidazolyl, tetrahydrobenzoimidazolyl, quinolyl, tetrahydroquinolyl, isoquinolyl, tetrahydroisoquinolyl, indazolyl, imidazopyridyl, benzotriazolyl, tetrazolopyridazinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, quinoxalinyl, dihydroquinoxalinyl, tetrahydroquinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, dihydroindazolyl, benzopyrimidinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, pyridopyrrolidinyl, triazolopiperidinyl, 9,10-dihydroacridine, and the like;

(b) those containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms and 1 to 3 sulfur atoms and/or 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, for example, benzothiazolyl, dihydrobenzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, imidazothiazolyl, imidazothiadiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, dihydrobenzoxazolyl, dihydrobenzoxazinyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, thiazolopiperidinyl, 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazol-2-yl, 10H-phenothiazine, and the like;

(c) those containing 1 to 3 sulfur atoms, for example, benzothienyl, benzodithiopyranyl, chromanyl, dibenzo[b,d]thienyl, and the like;

(d) those containing 1 to 3 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, for example, benzoxathiopyranyl, phenoxazinyl, and the like;

(e) those containing 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, for example, benzodioxolyl, benzofuranyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, isochromenyl, dibenzo[b,d]furanyl, methylenedioxyphenyl, ethylenedioxyphenyl, xanthenyl, and the like;

etc.

Further, the “hetero ring” in (1) to (4) above is described as a monovalent group, but this may represent a divalent or higher group in some cases.

The “monocyclic hetero ring” refers to a hetero ring which has no fused ring as in (1) and (2), among the “hetero rings” above.

The “nitrogen-containing hetero ring” refers to one containing at least one nitrogen atom, as in (1)(a), (1)(b), (2)(a), (2)(b), (3)(a), (3)(b), (4)(a), (4)(b), and the like, among the “hetero rings” above.

The “aromatic hetero ring” refers to a ring group having an aromatic property, among (2) and (4) of the “hetero rings” above. Examples thereof include pyrrolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, and the like.

The “5-membered aromatic hetero ring” refers to a ring group having a 5-membered ring structure, among the “aromatic hetero rings” above. Examples thereof include pyrrolyl, furyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, and the like.

The “aromatic nitrogen-containing hetero ring” refers to a ring group having an aromatic property, among the nitrogen-containing hetero rings” above. Examples thereof include pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, and the like.

The “nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring” refers to those having at least one nitrogen atom, among the “monocyclic saturated hetero rings” above as in (1)(a), (1)(b), and the like.

The “5-membered aromatic nitrogen-containing hetero ring” refers to those having at least one nitrogen atom, among the “5-membered aromatic hetero rings” above. Examples thereof include pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, and the like.

The expression “R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with each other to form C₂₋₅ alkylene” indicates that R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with carbon atoms to which they are bonded to form a C₃₋₆ saturated hydrocarbon ring. Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon ring include cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and the like, in another embodiment, C₂₋₄ alkylene, and in a still another embodiment, C₂₋₃ alkylene.

The expression “R³ and R⁴ are combined with each other to form C₂₋₅ alkylene” indicates that R³ and R⁴ are combined with nitrogen atoms and sulfur atoms to which they are bonded to form a nitrogen-containing hetero ring having a —N—SO₂-moiety structure and having 2 to 5 carbon atoms. Examples of the nitrogen-containing hetero ring include 1,1-dioxoisothiazolidinyl.

The expression “R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² may be combined with nitrogen atoms to which they are bonded to form a nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring” indicates that R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² are combined to form a ring containing nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, and represents a ring group such as a nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring.

The expression “R^(X1) may be combined with adjacent R^(X1) to form a new bond” indicates that R^(X1) is combined with adjacent R^(X1) to form a double bond, and represents, for example, —(CR^(X2))═(CR^(X2))—.

The “halogen” means F, Cl, Br, or I, and preferably F.

In the present specification, the “diseases caused by LPA” refers to, for example, diseases such as urinary system diseases (benign prostatic hyperplasia (urinary dysfunction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the like), overactive bladder, neurogenic bladder, bladder neck sclerosis, underactive bladder, and the like), central/peripheral neuropathy (neurogenic pain, painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy, nerve cell degeneration/nerve cell death after stroke, and the like), cancer-related diseases (prostate cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, and the like), inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, knee osteoarthritis, hepatitis C, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis), diseases associated with fibrosis (chronic renal diseases, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic rejection after non-organ transplantation), cardiovascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis and the like. In another embodiment, examples of the diseases caused by LPA include urinary system diseases (benign prostatic hyperplasia (urinary dysfunction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the like), overactive bladder, neurogenic bladder, bladder neck sclerosis, underactive bladder, and the like).

The expression “which may be substituted” represents non-substitution or substitution with 1 to 5 substituents”. Further, if it has a plurality of substituents, the substituents may be the same as or different from one other. For example, —N(lower alkyl)₂ includes an ethylmethylamino group.

Examples of the substituent in “lower alkyl which may be substituted” and “lower alkenyl which may be substituted” in R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² include the groups shown in (a) to (k) below.

(a) halogen.

(b) —OH, —O-lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with 1 to 3 OH, halogen, —O-lower alkyl, or aryl groups).

(c) amino which may be substituted with one or two lower alkyl groups or nitro.

(d) —SH, —S-lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms).

(e) —SO₂-lower alkyl, —SO₂-cycloalkyl, —SO₂-hetero ring, —SO₂-aryl, sulfamoyl which may be substituted with one or two lower alkyl groups.

(f) —CHO, —CO-lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms), —CO-cycloalkyl (in which cycloalkyl may be substituted with one or more —O-lower alkyl groups), —CO-monocyclic saturated hetero ring, cyano.

(g) aryl or cycloalkyl; further, these groups may be substituted with 1 to 5 halogen atoms or one or more —O-lower alkyl groups.

(h) a hetero ring, and in another embodiment, a monocyclic hetero ring; further, these hetero rings and monocyclic hetero rings may be substituted with halogen or lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with one or more aryl groups).

(i) —COOH, —COO-lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms).

(j) —CONH₂, —CONH(lower alkyl) (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms), —CONH(lower alkyl)₂ (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms).

(k) —O—CO-lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms), —O—CO—O-lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms).

(l) lower alkyl which may be substituted with one or more groups selected from the substituents shown in (a) to (k).

Examples of the substituents that can be used in the “aryl which may be substituted” and the “aromatic hetero ring which may be substituted” in A include the groups shown in (a) to (l) above, lower alkenyl (in which the lower alkenyl may be substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms) and lower alkynyl (in which the lower alkynyl may be substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms), and in another embodiment, the groups shown in (a), (b), (f), (k), and (l) above.

Examples of the substituents that can be used in the “5-membered aromatic hetero ring” in B include the groups shown in (a) to (l) above, lower alkenyl (in which the lower alkenyl may be substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms) and lower alkynyl (in which the lower alkynyl may be substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms), and in another embodiment, the groups shown in (a), (b), (f), (k), and (l) above.

Examples of the substituents that can be used in the “lower alkyl which may be substituted” and the “lower alkenyl which may be substituted” in R^(Y) include the groups shown in (a) to (k) above, and in another embodiment, the groups shown in (a) and (b) above.

Examples of the substituents that can be used in the “cycloalkyl which may be substituted” in R^(Y) include the groups shown in (a) to (l) above, and in another embodiment, the groups shown in (a) and (b) above.

Examples of the substituents that can be used in the “lower alkyl which may be substituted” in R^(X1) and R^(X2) and “R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with each other to form C₂₋₅ alkylene which may be substituted” include the groups shown in (a) to (k) above, and in another embodiment, the groups shown in (a).

Examples of the substituents that can be used in the “R³ and R⁴ are combined with each other to form C₂₋₅ alkylene which may be substituted” include the groups shown in (a) to (k) above, and in another embodiment, the groups shown in (a) above and oxo (═O).

Examples of the substituents that can be used in the “lower alkyl which may be substituted” and the “lower alkenyl which may be substituted” in R⁴ include the groups shown in (a) to (k) above, and in another embodiment, the groups shown in (a), (b), (g), and (j) above.

Examples of the substituents that can be used in the “aryl which may be substituted” in R⁴ include the groups shown in (a) to (k) above, and in another embodiment, the groups shown in (a), (b), (g), (k), and (l) above.

Examples of the substituents that can be used in the “cycloalkyl which may be substituted” and the “hetero ring which may be substituted” in R⁴ include the groups shown in (a) to (l) above and oxo (═O), and in another embodiment, the groups shown in (a), (b), (g), (k), and (l) above and oxo (═O).

Examples of the substituents that can be used in the “lower alkyl which may be substituted” in R¹ and R² include the groups shown in (a) to (k) above, and in another embodiment, the groups shown in (a) above.

Examples of the substituents that can be used in the “lower alkyl which may be substituted” in R³ include the groups shown in (a) to (k) above, and in another embodiment, the groups shown in (a) above.

Examples of the substituents that can be used in the “aryl which may be substituted” in R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² include the groups shown in (a) to (l) above, and in another embodiment, the groups shown in (a), (b), and (l) above.

Examples of the substituents that can be used in the “cycloalkyl which may be substituted” and the “hetero ring which may be substituted” in R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² include the groups shown in (a) to (l) above and oxo (═O), and in another embodiment, the groups shown in (a), (b), and (l) above.

Embodiments of the compound (I) of the present invention include a compound of the formula (I′) or a salt thereof.

(wherein

A is aryl which may be substituted, or an aromatic hetero ring group which may be substituted,

B is a 5-membered aromatic hetero ring group which may be substituted,

X is a single bond or —(CR^(X1)R^(X2))_(n)—,

n is 1, 2, 3, or 4,

R^(X1) and R^(X2) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, OH, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), or lower alkyl which may be substituted, or

R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with each other to form oxo (═O), or

R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with each other to form C₂₋₅ alkylene which may be substituted,

in which n is 2, 3, or 4, R^(X1) may be combined with adjacent R^(X1) to form a new bond,

Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴ and Y⁵ are the same as or different from each other, and are CR^(Y) or N,

R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), lower alkyl which may be substituted, lower alkenyl which may be substituted, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted,

R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), or lower alkyl which may be substituted,

m is 1, 2, or 3,

R³ is H, or lower alkyl which may be substituted,

R⁴ is lower alkyl which may be substituted, lower alkenyl which may be substituted, cycloalkyl which may be substituted, aryl which may be substituted, a hetero ring group which may be substituted, or NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², or

R³ and R⁴ may be combined with each other to form C₂₋₅ alkylene which may be substituted, and

R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), —C(═O)-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), —C(═O)—O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), —NH—C(═O)-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), lower alkyl which may be substituted, lower alkenyl which may be substituted, cycloalkyl which may be substituted, aryl which may be substituted, or a hetero ring group which may be substituted, or

R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² may be combined with nitrogen atoms to which they are bonded to form a nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group,

in which when R⁴ is NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², at least one of R³, R¹⁰¹, and R¹⁰² is H.)

Embodiments of the compounds (I) and (I′) include the following compounds or salts thereof.

(1) The compound, wherein A is aryl which may be substituted with halogen or an aromatic hetero ring which may be substituted with halogen.

(2) The compound, wherein A is phenyl.

(3) The compound, wherein B is thiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 4-position, pyrazole-1,3-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 3-position, pyrazole-1,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 4-position, oxazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiophene-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiophene-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, furan-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, furan-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, isoxazole-3,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 5-position, or pyrrole-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, each of which may be substituted.

(4) The compound, wherein B is thiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 4-position, pyrazole-1,3-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 3-position, oxazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiophene-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiophene-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, 5-methoxymethylthiophene-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, 5-chlorothiophene-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, furan-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, 5-chlorothiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, or 5-methylthiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position

(5) The compound, wherein X is a single bond.

(6) The compound, wherein X is —(CR^(X1)R^(X2))_(n)—, n is 1, R^(X1) and R^(X2) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), or R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with each other to form oxo (═O), or C₂₋₅ alkylene which may be substituted.

(7) The compound, wherein X is —(CR^(X1)R^(X2))_(n)—, n is 1, R^(X1) is H, and R^(X2) is OH or methoxy.

(8) The compound, wherein X is —(CR^(X1)R^(X2))_(n)—, n is 1, R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with each other to form oxo (═O), trimethylene, or ethylene.

(9) The compound, wherein Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl), lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl.

(10) The compound, wherein Y² and Y⁴ is CR^(Y11), R^(Y11)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, F, methyl, or methoxy, Y¹, Y³, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y21), R^(Y21)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, bromo, methyl, difluoromethyl, ethyl, ethenyl, isopropenyl, methoxy, methoxymethyl, 2-fluoroethoxy, or cyclopropyl.

(11) The compound, wherein Y² and Y⁴ is C—CH₃, Y³ is C—O—CH₃, Y¹ and Y⁵ are CH.

(12) The compound, wherein m is 3, R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen), or lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen.

(13) The compound, wherein m is 3, R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, F, methyl, or methoxy.

(14) The compound, wherein R³ is H, R⁴ is lower alkyl which may be substituted with —OH, —O—C(═O)-lower alkyl, —O—C(═O)—O-lower alkyl, O-lower alkyl, or aryl; lower alkenyl which may be substituted with halogen; aryl which may be substituted with halogen or lower alkyl; hetero ring which may be substituted with halogen or lower alkyl; or cycloalkyl which may be substituted with halogen or lower alkyl, or R³ and R⁴ may be combined with each other to form C₂₋₅ alkylene which may be substituted with halogen or oxo (═O).

(15) The compound, wherein R³ is H, R⁴ is lower alkyl which may be substituted with —OH, —O—C(═O)-lower alkyl, —O—C(═O)—O-lower alkyl, O-lower alkyl, or aryl; vinyl which may be substituted with halogen; aryl which may be substituted with halogen or methyl; pyridine which may be substituted with halogen or methyl; thiophene; thiazole; imidazole; oxazole; or cycloalkyl which may be substituted with halogen or methyl, or R³ and R⁴ may be combined with each other to form ethylene which may be substituted with halogen.

(16) The compound, wherein R³ is H, R⁴ is vinyl, methyl, trifluoromethyl, benzyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-ethyl, ethyl, 2-(acetoxy)ethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-(ethoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl, 2-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-ethyl, isopropyl, 4-(acetoxy)butyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, phenyl, 5-methylpyridin-2-yl, 4-chloropyridin-3-yl, thiophen-3-yl, 2-methylthiazol-4-yl, 2-methylimidazol-4-yl, 3,5-dimethyloxazol-4-yl, or cyclopropyl, or R³ and R⁴ may be combined with each other to form ethylene.

(17) The compound, wherein R³ is H, R⁴ is NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², R¹⁰¹, and R¹⁰² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen), —C(═O)-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen), —C(═O)—O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen), lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or OH, or hetero ring which may be substituted with halogen or OH, or R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² are combined with nitrogen atoms to which they are bonded to form a nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring which may be substituted with halogen or oxo (═O).

(18) The compound, wherein R³ is H, R⁴ is NR¹⁰², R¹⁰¹ is H, and R¹⁰² is H, methoxy, acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, methyl, ethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, or pyridin-2-yl.

Other embodiments of the compounds (I) and (I′) include the following compounds or salts thereof.

(19) The compound, wherein A is phenyl which may be substituted with halogen, or a 5-membered aromatic hetero ring which may be substituted with halogen or lower alkyl.

(20) The compound, wherein A is 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-difluoromethylphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-ethylphenyl, 3-butylphenyl, 2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-3-methylphenyl, 3-bromophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, or phenyl.

(21) The compound, wherein A is furyl which may be substituted with halogen or lower alkyl, or thiophenyl which may be substituted with halogen or lower alkyl.

(22) The compound, wherein A is furan-2-yl, 5-methylfuran-2-yl, 4,5-dimethylfuran-2-yl, 5-chlorofuran-2-yl, 5-ethylthiophen-2-yl, thiophen-2-yl, 2-methylthiophen-2-yl, 3-methylthiophen-2-yl, 4-methylthiophen-2-yl, 4,5-dimethylthiophen-2-yl, or 5-chlorothiophen-2-yl.

(23) The compound, wherein B is a 5-membered aromatic nitrogen-containing hetero ring.

(24) The compound, wherein B is

L is O or S,

R^(L1) is H, halogen, lower alkyl which may be substituted, lower alkenyl which may be substituted, lower alkynyl which may be substituted, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted,

R^(L2) is H, halogen, lower alkyl which may be substituted, lower alkenyl which may be substituted, lower alkynyl which may be substituted, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted.

(25) The compound as described in (24), wherein B is the formula (III).

(26) The compound as described in (24), wherein R^(L1) are H, halogen, or lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or OH.

(27) The compound as described in (24), wherein R^(L1) is H.

(28) The compound as described in (24), wherein B is the formula (II) and L is O.

(29) The compound as described in (24), wherein B is the formula (II) and L is S.

(30) The compound as described in (24), wherein R^(L2) are H, halogen, or lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or OH.

(31) The compound as described in (24), wherein R^(L2) are H, Cl, or methyl.

(32) The compound, wherein X is —(CR^(X1)R^(X2))_(n)—, n is 1, R^(X1) is H, and R^(X2) is OH.

(33) The compound, wherein X is —(CR^(X1)R^(X2))_(n)—, n is 1, and R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with each other to form ethylene.

(34) The compound, wherein R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl), lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl.

(35) The compound, wherein R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, lower alkyl, or —O-(lower alkyl).

(36) The compound, wherein R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, methyl, or methoxy.

(37) The compound, wherein Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl), lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, and Y¹ is N.

(38) The compound, wherein Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, or —O-(lower alkyl), and Y¹ is N.

(39) The compound, wherein Y², Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CH, and Y³ is C—O—CH₃, and Y¹ is N.

(40) The compound, wherein Y¹, Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl), lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, and Y² is N.

(41) The compound, wherein Y¹, Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, or —O-(lower alkyl), and Y² is N.

(42) The compound, wherein Y¹, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CH, Y³ is C—O—CH₃, and Y² is N.

(43) The compound, wherein Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl), lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl.

(44) The compound, wherein Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), and R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, lower alkyl, or —O-(lower alkyl).

(45) The compound, wherein Y¹, Y², Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CH, Y³ is C—O—CH₃.

(46) The compound, wherein Y² and Y⁴ are C—O—CH₃, Y³ is C—CH₃, and Y¹ and Y⁵ are CH.

(47) The compound, wherein R³ is H.

(48) The compound, wherein R³ is methyl.

(49) The compound, wherein R⁴ is lower alkyl which may be substituted, cycloalkyl which may be substituted, aryl which may be substituted, or a nitrogen-containing hetero ring group which may be substituted, or NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰².

(50) The compound, wherein R⁴ is lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with halogen, OH, or —O—C(O)-lower alkyl), cycloalkyl which may be substituted with a group selected from Group G¹, aryl which may be substituted with a group selected from Group G¹, a 5-membered nitrogen-containing hetero ring group which may be substituted with a group selected from Group G¹, or NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², in which Group G¹ is halogen, OH, lower alkyl, or —O—C(O)-lower alkyl, R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, —C(═O)-halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), —C(═O)-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), —C(═O)—O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), —NH—C(═O)-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), lower alkyl which may be substituted, lower alkenyl which may be substituted, cycloalkyl which may be substituted, aryl which may be substituted, or a hetero ring group which may be substituted.

(51) The compound, wherein R⁴ is lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with halogen, OH, or —O—C(O)-lower alkyl), a 5-membered nitrogen-containing hetero ring group which may be substituted with lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, OH, COOH, —COO-lower alkyl, C(═O)—NH₂, O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen), lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with halogen, OH, S-lower alkyl, or a hetero ring group), —C(═O)—O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl), a hetero ring group which may be substituted with lower alkyl, or lower alkenyl.

(52) The compound, wherein R⁴ is ethyl which may be substituted with a group selected from Group G¹, methyl which may be substituted with halogen, propyl which may be substituted with OH, oxazole which may be substituted with lower alkyl, imidazole which may be substituted with lower alkyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, phenyl, or NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², in which Group G¹ is halogen, OH, or —O—C(O)-lower alkyl, and R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² are the same as or different from each other, and are lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with H, halogen, OH, S-lower alkyl, or a hetero ring group.

(53) The compound, wherein R⁴ is methyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-acetoxyethyl, propyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, phenyl, 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl, or NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², R¹⁰¹, and R¹⁰² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, methyl which may be substituted with, halogen, or OH, ethyl which may be substituted with halogen or OH, or propyl which may be substituted with halogen or OH.

(54) The compound, wherein R⁴ is lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with halogen, OH, or —O—C(O)-lower alkyl), or cycloalkyl which may be substituted with a group selected from Group G¹, aryl which may be substituted with a group selected from Group G¹, or a 5-membered nitrogen-containing hetero ring group which may be substituted with a group selected from Group G¹, in which Group G¹ is halogen, OH, lower alkyl, or —O—C(O)-lower alkyl.

(55) The compound, wherein R⁴ is lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with halogen, OH, or —O—C(O)-lower alkyl), a 5-membered nitrogen-containing hetero ring group which may be substituted with lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl.

(56) The compound, wherein R⁴ is methyl which may be substituted with halogen, ethyl (in which ethyl may be substituted with halogen, OH, or —O—C(O)-lower alkyl), propyl which may be substituted with OH, oxazole which may be substituted with lower alkyl, imidazole which may be substituted with lower alkyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, or phenyl.

(57) The compound, wherein R⁴ is methyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-acetoxyethyl, propyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, phenyl, 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl, or 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl.

(58) The compound, wherein R⁴ is methyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-acetoxyethyl, propyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, or isopropyl.

(59) The compound, wherein R⁴ is cyclopropyl, phenyl, 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl, 2,4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl, or 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl.

(60) The compound, wherein R⁴ is NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², R¹⁰¹ is H, and R¹⁰² is H, O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), lower alkyl which may be substituted, —C(═O)—O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), a hetero ring group which may be substituted, or lower alkenyl which may be substituted.

(61) The compound, wherein R⁴ is NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², R¹⁰¹ is H, and R¹⁰² is H, O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen), lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with halogen, OH, S-lower alkyl, or a hetero ring group), —C(═O)—O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl), a hetero ring group which may be substituted with lower alkyl, or lower alkenyl.

(62) The compound, wherein R⁴ is NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², R¹⁰¹ is H, and R¹⁰² is lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with halogen, OH, S-lower alkyl, or a hetero ring group).

(63) The compound, wherein R⁴ is NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², R¹⁰¹ is H, and R¹⁰² is methyl which may be substituted with a group selected from Group G², ethyl which may be substituted with a group selected from Group G², or propyl which may be substituted with a group selected from Group G², in which Group G² is halogen, OH, S-lower alkyl, or a hetero ring group.

(64) The compound, wherein R⁴ is NR¹⁰¹, R¹⁰², R¹⁰¹ is H, and R¹⁰² is methyl, ethyl, or propyl.

(65) The compound, wherein R⁴ is NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², and R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² are the same as or different from each other, and are O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen), lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with halogen, OH, S-lower alkyl, or a hetero ring group), —C(═O)—O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl), a hetero ring group which may be substituted with lower alkyl, or lower alkenyl.

(66) The compound, wherein R⁴ and NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², and R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² are the same as or different from each other, and are lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with halogen, OH, S-lower alkyl, or a hetero ring group).

(67) The compound, wherein R⁴ and NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², and R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² are the same as or different from each other, and are lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or OH.

(68) R⁴ and NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², and R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² are the same as or different from each other, and are methyl which may be substituted with halogen or OH, ethyl which may be substituted with halogen or OH, or propyl which may be substituted with halogen or OH.

Furthermore, still other embodiments of the compounds (I) and (I′) of the present invention include the compounds or salts thereof including the combinations of two or more of the groups as described in (1) to (18), and specifically the following compounds or salts thereof.

(69) The compound as described in (14) to (18), wherein A is aryl which may be substituted with halogen, or an aromatic hetero ring which may be substituted with halogen, B is a monocyclic aromatic hetero ring which may be substituted, Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴ and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl), lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, m is 3, and R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen), or lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen.

(70) The compound as described in (69), wherein B is thiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 4-position, pyrazole-1,3-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 3-position, pyrazole-1,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 4-position, oxazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiophene-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiophene-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, furan-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, furan-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, isoxazole-3,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 5-position, or pyrrole-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, each of which may be substituted.

(71) The compound as described in (69), wherein B is thiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 4-position, pyrazole-1,3-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 3-position, oxazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiophene-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiophene-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, 5-methoxymethylthiophene-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, 5-chlorothiophene-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, furan-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, 5-chlorothiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, or 5-methylthiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position.

(72) The compound as described in (69), (70), or (71), wherein A is phenyl.

(73) The compound as described in (69) to (72), wherein Y² and Y⁴ are CR^(Y11), R^(Y11)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, F, methyl, or methoxy, Y′, Y³, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y21), and R^(Y21)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, bromo, methyl, difluoromethyl, ethyl, ethenyl, isopropenyl, methoxy, methoxymethyl, 2-fluoroethoxy, or cyclopropyl.

(74) The compound as described in (69) to (72), wherein Y² and Y⁴ are C—CH₃, Y³ is C—O—CH₃, and Y¹ and Y⁵ are CH.

(75) The compound as described in (69) to (74), wherein X is a single bond.

(76) The compound as described in (69) to (74), wherein X is —(CR^(X1)R^(X2))_(n)—, n is 1, R^(X1) and R^(X2) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), or R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with each other to form oxo (═O) or C₂₋₅ alkylene which may be substituted.

(77) The compound as described in (69) to (74), wherein X is —(CR^(X1)R^(X2))_(n)—, n is 1, R^(X1) is H, R^(X2) is OH or methoxy.

(78) The compound as described in (69) to (74), wherein X is —(CR^(X1)R^(X2))n-, n is 1, and R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with each other to form oxo (═O), trimethylene or ethylene.

(79) The compound as described in (69) to (78), wherein m is 3, R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, F, methyl, or methoxy.

(80) The compound as described in (69) to (79), wherein L is a single bond.

(81) The compound as described in (69) to (79), wherein L is —(CR^(L1)R^(L2))_(p)—, J-(O)_(q)—(CR^(L3)R^(L4))_(r)—, p is 1, J is a single bond, q is 0, r is 0, and R^(L1) and R^(L2) are both H.

(82) The compound as described in (69) to (79), wherein L is —(CR^(L1)R^(L2))_(p)-J-(O)_(q)—(CR^(L3)R^(L4))_(r)—, p is 1, J is a single bond, q is 0, r is 0, R^(L1) is H, and R^(L2) is 2-methoxyethyl, methoxy, cyclopropyl, or —C(═O)—O—CH₃.

(83) The compound as described in (69) to (82), wherein B is thiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, or 5-methylthiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position.

(84) The compound as described in (69) to (82), wherein B is pyrazole-1,3-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 3-position, pyridine-2,6-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, oxazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiophene-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiophene-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, 5-methoxymethylthiophene-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, 5-chlorothiophene-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, furan-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, or pyrazine-2,6-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position.

In addition, further still other embodiments of the compounds (I) and (I′) of the present invention include the compounds or salts thereof including the combinations of two or more of the groups as described in (1) to (68), and specifically the following compounds or salts thereof.

(85) The compound as described in (14) to (18), or (49) to (68), wherein A is aryl which may be substituted with halogen, or an aromatic hetero ring which may be substituted with halogen.

(86) The compound as described in (14) to (18), or (49) to (68), wherein A is phenyl.

(87) The compound as described in (14) to (18), or (49) to (68), wherein A is phenyl which may be substituted with halogen, or a 5-membered aromatic hetero ring which may be substituted with halogen or lower alkyl.

(88) The compound as described in (14) to (18), or (49) to (68), wherein A is 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-difluoromethylphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-ethylphenyl, 3-butylphenyl, 2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-3-methylphenyl, 3-bromophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, or phenyl.

(89) The compound as described in (14) to (18), or (49) to (68), wherein A is furyl which may be substituted with halogen or lower alkyl, or thiophenyl which may be substituted with halogen or lower alkyl.

(90) The compound as described in (14) to (18), or (49) to (68), wherein A is furan-2-yl, 5-methylfuran-2-yl, 4,5-dimethylfuran-2-yl, 5-chlorofuran-2-yl, 5-ethylthiophen-2-yl, thiophen-2-yl, 2-methylthiophen-2-yl, 3-methylthiophen-2-yl, 4-methylthiophen-2-yl, 4,5-dimethylthiophen-2-yl, or 5-chlorothiophen-2-yl.

(91) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (90), wherein B is thiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 4-position, pyrazole-1,3-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 3-position, pyrazole-1,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 4-position, oxazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiophene-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiophene-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, furan-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, furan-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, isoxazole-3,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 5-position, or pyrrole-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, each of which may be substituted.

(92) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (90), wherein B is thiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 4-position, pyrazole-1,3-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 3-position, oxazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiophene-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, thiophene-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, 5-methoxymethylthiophene-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, 5-chlorothiophene-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, furan-2,5-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, 5-chlorothiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position, or 5-methylthiazole-2,4-diyl which is bonded with —C(═O)—NR³— at the 2-position.

(93) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (90), wherein B is a 5-membered aromatic nitrogen-containing hetero ring.

(94) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (90), wherein B is

L is O, or S,

R^(L1) are H, halogen, lower alkyl which may be substituted, lower alkenyl which may be substituted, lower alkynyl which may be substituted, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted,

R^(L2) are H, halogen, lower alkyl which may be substituted, lower alkenyl which may be substituted, lower alkynyl which may be substituted, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted.

(95) The compound as described in (94), wherein B is the formula (III).

(96) The compound as described in (94) or (95), wherein R^(L1) is H, halogen, or lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or OH.

(97) The compound as described in (94) or (95), wherein R^(L1) is H.

(98) The compound as described in (94), wherein B is the formula (II) and L is O.

(99) The compound as described in (94), wherein B is the formula (II) and L is S.

(100) The compound as described in (94) to (99), wherein R^(L2) are H, halogen, or lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or OH.

(101) The compound as described in (94) to (99), wherein R^(L2) is H, Cl, or methyl.

(102) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (101), wherein X is a single bond.

(103) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (101), wherein X is n is —(CR^(X1)R^(X2))_(n)—, R^(X1) and R^(X2) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), or R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with each other to form oxo (═O) or C₂₋₅ alkylene which may be substituted.

(104) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (101), wherein X is —(CR^(X1)R^(X2))_(n)—, n is 1, R^(X1) is H, and R^(X2) is OH or methoxy.

(105) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (101), wherein X is —(CR^(X1)R^(X2))_(n)—, n is 1, and R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with each other to form oxo (═O), trimethylene or ethylene.

(106) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (101), wherein X is —(CR^(X1)R^(X2))_(n)—, n is 1, R^(X1) is H, and R^(X2) is OH.

(107) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (101), wherein X is —(CR^(X1)R^(X2))_(n)—, n is 1, and R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with each other to form ethylene.

(108) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl), lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl.

(109) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, lower alkyl, or —O-(lower alkyl).

(110) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, methyl, or methoxy.

(111) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), and R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl), lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl.

(112) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein Y² and Y⁴ are CR^(Y11), R^(Y11)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, F, methyl, or methoxy, Y¹, Y³, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y21), and R^(Y21)'s are H, OH, bromo, methyl, difluoromethyl, ethyl, ethenyl, isopropenyl, methoxy, methoxymethyl, 2-fluoroethoxy, or cyclopropyl.

(113) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein Y² and Y⁴ are C—CH₃, Y³ is C—O—CH₃, and Y¹ and Y⁵ are CH.

(114) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl), lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, and Y¹ is N.

(115) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, or —O-(lower alkyl), and Y¹ is N.

(116) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein Y², Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CH, Y³ is C—O—CH₃, and Y¹ is N.

(117) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein Y¹, Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl), lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, and Y² is N.

(118) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein Y¹, Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, or —O-(lower alkyl), and Y² is N.

(119) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein Y¹, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CH, Y³ is C—O—CH₃, and Y² is N.

(120) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), and R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl), lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl.

(121) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), and R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, lower alkyl, or —O-(lower alkyl).

(122) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein Y¹, Y², Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CH, and Y³ is C—O—CH₃.

(123) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein Y² and Y⁴ are C—O—CH₃, Y³ is C—CH₃, and Y¹ and Y⁵ are CH.

(124) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (107), wherein m is 3, and R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen), or lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen.

(125) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (123), wherein m is 3, and R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, F, methyl, or methoxy.

(126) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (125), wherein R³ is H.

(127) The compound as described in (14) to (18), (49) to (68), or (85) to (125), wherein R³ is methyl.

Specific examples of the compound included in the present invention include the following compounds or salts thereof:

-   2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(aminosulfonyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   5-chloro-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(aminosulfonyl)-5-chloro-2-{[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(aminosulfonyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-oxazol-4-carboxamide, -   N-(aminosulfonyl)-2-{[(4-cyclopropyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(aminosulfonyl)-2-{[(4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(acetamidesulfonyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-[(ethylamino)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(aminosulfonyl)-2-({[3-(5-chloro-2-thienyl)propyl](3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)amino}methyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(aminosulfonyl)-2-({(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)[3-(5-methyl-2-furyl)propyl]amino}methyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(aminosulfonyl)-2-({(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)[3-(2-fluorophenyl)propyl]amino}methyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(aminosulfonyl)-2-({[3-(2,5-difluorophenyl)propyl](3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)amino}methyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(aminosulfonyl)-4-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-2-carboxamide, -   2-{[(3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-methyl-N-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-{[(4-ethyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-methyl-N-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-({(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)[3-(3-thienyl)propyl]amino}methyl)-N-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(aminosulfonyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-{[(4-cyclopropyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-methyl-N-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   methyl     ({[(2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)carbonyl]amino}sulfonyl)methylcarbamate, -   2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-{[(2-fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]sulfonyl}-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-[(pyridin-2-yl     amino)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-{[ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]sulfonyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-{[(3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-[(methoxyamino)sulfonyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-{[(2-fluoroethyl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]sulfonyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-methyl-N-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-({[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acetyl]     (3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-N-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-[(2-hydroxypropyl)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-({[3,5-dimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)benzoyl](3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-N-[(methoxyamino)sulfonyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-({(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)[3-(2-fluorophenyl)propyl]amino}methyl)-N-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-({[hydroxy(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl]     (3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-5-methyl-N-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-aminosulfonyl)-2-({[hydroxy(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl](3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]-2-({[(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetyl](3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]-2-({[hydroxy(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)acetyl](3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-{[{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   5-chloro-N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-{[{[1-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-[({[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}[3-(5-methyl-2-furyl)propyl]amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl]     (3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-5-methyl-N-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-{[(3-fluoro-3-phenylpropyl)     {[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino]methyl}-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-[([3-(3-fluorophenyl)propyl]{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl](3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-[({[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}[3-(2-thienyl)propyl]amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-[([3-(2-furyl)propyl]{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-({[hydroxy(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)acetyl]     (3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-({[3-(3-fluorophenyl)propyl][(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)-5-methyl-N-sulfamoyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl](3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-5-methyl-N-(methylsulfamoyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl][3-(2-thienyl)propyl]amino}methyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   5-bromo-N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-({[(R2)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl](3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl](3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-[([3-(2-furyl)propyl]{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-[([3-(3-ethynylphenyl)propyl]{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-({[3-(3-fluorophenyl)propyl][(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)-5-methyl-N-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-({[3-(3-fluorophenyl)propyl][(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   N-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl][3-(2-thienyl)propyl]amino}methyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-({[(2R)-2-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetyl](3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-5-methyl-N-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl][3-(2-thienyl)propyl]amino}methyl)-5-methyl-N-(methylsulfamoyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, -   2-({[(2R)-2-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetyl](3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-5-methyl-N-(methylsulfamoyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide,     or -   2-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl](3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-N-(isopropylsulfonyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide.

The compound of the formula (I) may exist in the form of tautomers or geometrical isomers depending on the kind of substituents. In the present specification, the compound of the formula (I) shall be described in only one form of isomer, yet the present invention includes other isomers, isolated forms of the isomers, or a mixture thereof.

In addition, the compound of the formula (I) may have asymmetric carbon atoms or axial asymmetry in some cases, and correspondingly, it may exist in the form of optical isomers based thereon. The present invention includes both an isolated form of the optical isomers of the compound of the formula (I) or a mixture thereof.

Moreover, the present invention also includes a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug of the compound represented by the formula (I). The pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug is a compound having a group that can be converted into an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, or the like through solvolysis or under physiological conditions. Examples of the group forming the prodrug include the groups described in Prog. Med., 5, 2157-2161 (1985) and “Pharmaceutical Research and Development” (Hirokawa Publishing Company, 1990), Vol. 7, Drug Design, 163-198.

Furthermore, the salt of the compound of the formula (I) is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of the formula (I) and may form an acid addition salt or a salt with a base depending on the kind of substituents. Specific examples thereof include acid addition salts with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like, and with organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, tartaric acid, dibenzoyltartaric acid, ditolyltartaric acid, citric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and the like, and salts with inorganic bases such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, and the like or organic bases such as methylamine, ethylamine, ethanolamine, lysine, ornithine, and the like, salts with various amino acids or amino acid derivatives such as acetylleucine and the like, ammonium salts, etc.

In addition, the present invention also includes various hydrates or solvates, and polymorphic crystalline substances of the compound of the formula (I) and a salt thereof. In addition, the present invention also includes compounds labeled with various radioactive or non-radioactive isotopes.

(Preparation Methods)

The compound of the formula (I) and a salt thereof can be prepared using the characteristics based on the basic structure or the type of substituents thereof and by applying various known synthesis methods. During the preparation, replacing the relevant functional group with a suitable protective group (a group that can be easily converted into the relevant functional group) at the stage from starting material to an intermediate may be effective depending on the type of the functional group in the production technology in some cases. The protective group for such a functional group may include, for example, the protective groups described in “Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (4^(th) edition, 2006)”, P. G. M. Wuts and T. W. Greene, and one of these may be selected and used as necessary depending on the reaction conditions. In this kind of method, a desired compound can be obtained by introducing the protective group, by carrying out the reaction and by eliminating the protective group as necessary.

In addition, the prodrug of the compound of the formula (I) can be prepared by introducing a specific group or by carrying out the reaction using the obtained compound of the formula (I) at the stage from a starting material to an intermediate, just as in the case of the above-mentioned protective group. The reaction can be carried out using methods known to those skilled in the art, such as ordinary esterification, amidation, dehydration, and the like.

Hereinbelow, the representative preparation methods for the compound of the formula (I) will be described. Each of the production processes may also be carried out with reference to the References appended in the present description. Further, the preparation methods of the present invention are not limited to the examples as shown below.

(Production Process 1)

The compound (I) of the present invention can be obtained by the condensation of a compound (4) with a carboxylic acid (5) or a derivative thereof.

For the reaction, the compound (4) and the carboxylic acid (5) in an equivalent amount, or in an excess amount are used, and a mixture thereof is stirred in a range of from cooling to heating, preferably at a temperature from −20° C. to 60° C., usually for about 0.1 hours to 5 days, in a solvent which is inert to the reaction, in the presence of a condensing agent. The solvent as used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, and the like, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, DMF, DMSO, EtOAc, acetonitrile, or water, and a mixture thereof. Examples of the condensing agent include, but are not limited to, CDI, diphenylphosphonyl azide, phosphorus oxychloride, and WSC (Water-Soluble Condensing agent, trademark, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and the like). It may be in some cases preferable for the reaction to use an additive (for example, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole). It is in some cases advantageous for smooth progress of the reaction to carry out the reaction in the presence of organic bases such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, DBU, DMAP, and the like, or inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, and the like.

Furthermore, it is also possible to use a method in which a reactive derivative of the carboxylic acid (5) is used, and reacted with the compound (4). Examples of the reactive derivative of the carboxylic acid include acid halides that can be obtained by the reaction with a halogenating agent such as phosphorus oxychloride, thionyl chloride, and the like, mixed acid anhydrides that can be obtained by the reaction with isobutyl chloroformate or the like, active esters that can be obtained by condensation with 1-hydroxybenzotriazole or the like, etc. The reaction of the reactive derivative with the compound (4) can be carried out in a range of from cooling to heating, and preferably from −20° C. to 60° C., in a solvent which is inert to the reaction, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, and the like.

DOCUMENTS

-   “Organic Functional Group Preparations”, S. R. Sandler and W. Karo,     2^(nd) edition, Vol. 1, Academic Press Inc., 1991 -   The Chemical Society of Japan, “Courses in Experimental Chemistry     (5^(th) edition)” Vol. 16 (2005) (Maruzen)

(Production Process 2)

The compound (I) of the present invention can be obtained by the condensation of a compound (16) with a compound (7).

The present reaction can be carried out using the reaction condition as described in (Production Process 1).

(Other Production Processes)

Furthermore, various substituents in the formula (I) can also be easily converted into other functional groups by using the compound (I) of the present invention as a starting material by means of reactions apparent to a skilled person in the art, or modified methods thereof. The reaction can be carried out by any combination of the processes that can be usually employed by a skilled person in the art, such as hydrolysis, alkylation, halogenation, hydrogenation, and the like. Examples thereof are presented below.

(Production Process 3)

(wherein R is R^(Z11) or NR^(Z13)R^(Z14).)

The compound (1-1) of the present invention can be obtained by the substitution reaction of a compound (18) and a compound (17).

In this reaction, the compound (18) and the compound (17) in an equivalent amount, or in an excess amount are used, a mixture thereof is stirred in a range of from cooling to heating and refluxing, preferably at 0° C. to 200° C., and preferably at 150° C. to 200° C., usually for 0.1 hours to 5 days in a solvent which is inert to the reaction or without a solvent. It is in some cases advantageous for smooth progress of the reaction to carry out the reaction under irradiation with microwaves. The solvent used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, tert-butanol, and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, and the like, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, and a mixture thereof. It may be advantageous in some cases for the smooth progress of the reaction to carry out the reaction in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, and the like, or an inorganic base such as sodium tert-butoxide, potassium carbonate, sodium bis(methylsilyl)amide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, and the like.

Furthermore, the reaction may be carried out using a catalyst which is not particularly limited, but includes catalysts used for an Ullmann reaction, a Buchwald-Hartwig reaction, or the like. The catalyst as used herein is not particularly limited, but a suitable combination of tris(dibenzylideneacetone) palladium, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium, or the like with 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9′-dimethylxanthene (Xantphos), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (SPhos), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (XPhos), and the like can be used.

DOCUMENTS

-   “Organic Functional Group Preparations”, S. R. Sandler and W. Karo,     2^(nd) edition, Vol. 1, Academic Press Inc., 1991 -   The Chemical Society of Japan, “Courses in Experimental Chemistry     (5^(th) edition)” Vol. 14 (2005) (Maruzen) -   Synthesis 2006, 4, 629-632

(Starting Material Synthesis 1)

First, the compound (1) can be converted to the compound (2), for example, by reacting a brominating agent used for a Wohl-Ziegler reaction, such as N-bromoacetamide and N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of a radical initiator.

In this reaction, the compound (1) is treated with a brominating agent in an equivalent amount or in an excess amount in a range of from cooling to heating, preferably at 0° C. to 150° C., and preferably at 0° C. to 120° C., usually for 0.1 hours to 5 hours, and preferably 1 to 2 hours, in a solvent which is inert to the reaction, in the presence of a radical initiator. It is in some cases advantageous for smooth progress of the reaction to carry out the reaction under irradiation with microwaves.

The solvent used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and the like, and a mixture thereof. Further, examples of the radical initiator are not particularly limited, but include benzoyl peroxide and azoisobutyronitrile.

Next, the compound (2) can be converted to the compound (4) by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of the amine compound (3).

In this reaction, the compound (2) and the amine compound (3) in equivalent amounts, or with either thereof in an excess amount are used, and a mixture thereof is stirred in a range of from cooling to heating and refluxing, and preferably at −20° C. to 80° C., usually for 0.1 hours to 5 days in a solvent which is inert to the reaction or without a solvent. The solvent used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, and the like, DMF, DMSO, EtOAc, acetonitrile, and a mixture thereof. It may be advantageous in some cases for the smooth progress of the reaction to carry out the reaction in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, and the like, or an inorganic base such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, and the like.

(Starting Material Synthesis 2)

(wherein R^(Prot) represents lower alkyl or aryl.)

The compound (10) can be prepared by treating the compound (8) using the same condition as for the reaction described in (Starting Material Synthesis 1).

Next, the compound (11) can be prepared by the reaction of the compound (10) and the carboxylic acid (5) using the same condition as for the reaction described in (Production Process 1) as described above.

The compound (7) can be obtained by the hydrolysis reaction of the compound (11). Herein, the hydrolysis reaction can be carried out with reference to documents such as Greene, and the like.

The compound (18) can be obtained by the condensation reaction of the compound (7) with NH₃ using the same condition as for the reaction described in (Production Process 1) as described above.

DOCUMENTS

-   “Organic Functional Group Preparations”, S. R. Sandler and W. Karo,     2^(nd) edition, Vol. 1, Academic Press Inc., 1991 -   The Chemical Society of Japan, “Courses in Experimental Chemistry     (5^(th) edition)” Vol. 14 (2005) (Maruzen) -   “Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (4^(th) edition,     2006)”, P. G. M. Wuts and T. W. Greene

(Starting Material Synthesis 3)

(wherein W represents a leaving group, and R^(Prot) represents lower alkyl or aryl.)

The compound (15) is prepared by three steps from the isocyanate (12). Here, examples of the leaving group X include halogen.

First, the compound (13) can be obtained by the addition reaction of the isocyanate (12) and an alcohol, R^(Prot)OH.

In this reaction, a mixture of the isocyanate (12) and the alcohol, R^(Prot)OH in an equivalent amount or in an excess amount are reacted in a range of from cooling to heating, and preferably at −50° C. to 100° C., and preferably at −20° C. to 90° C., usually for 0.1 hours to 10 hours, and preferably for about 1 hour to 3 hours, in a solvent which is inert to the reaction or without a solvent. The solvent used in this step is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, and the like, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, alcohols such as MeOH, EtOH, tert-butanol, and the like, DMF, DMSO, EtOAc, water, and acetonitrile.

Next, the compound (13) can be converted to the compound (14) by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of an amine, R¹⁰¹R¹⁰²NH, using the same method as for (Starting Material Synthesis 1) as described above.

Lastly, an aminosulfonamide compound (15) can be obtained by the deprotection reaction of the compound (14) with reference to documents such as Greene, and the like.

DOCUMENT

-   Pamphlet of International Publication WO 2002/053557

The compounds of the formula (I) can be isolated and purified as their free compounds, salts, hydrates, solvates, or polymorphic crystalline substances thereof. The salts of the compound of the formula (I) can be prepared by carrying out the treatment of a conventional salt forming reaction.

Isolation and purification are carried out by employing ordinary chemical operations such as extraction, fractional crystallization, various types of fractional chromatography, and the like.

Various isomers can be prepared by selecting an appropriate starting compound or separated by using the difference in the physicochemical properties between the isomers. For example, the optical isomers can be obtained by means of a general method for designing optical resolution of racemic products (for example, fractional crystallization for inducing diastereomer salts with optically active bases or acids, chromatography using a chiral column or the like, and others), and further, the isomers can also be prepared from an appropriate optically active starting compound.

The pharmacological activity of the compound of the formula (I) was confirmed by the tests shown below.

Test Example 1 Antagonistic Action of Compound of Formula (I) on Human LPA1

The antagonistic action on a human LPA 1 was evaluated with an index of an inhibitory action on the LPA-stimulated increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration, using human LPA 1-CHO cells [cells in which human LPA1 receptors are stably expressed in CHO (dhfr gene-deficient) cell lines].

Establishment of human LPA1-CHO cells was performed based on the basic genetic engineering techniques.

The established cells were maintained by passage in a nucleic acid-free α-MEM medium (Invitrogen) containing 10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Invitrogen), and 100 nM methotrexate, and before experiment, the medium was replaced with a medium that had been reduced to 1% of the PBS concentration, then seeded in 96-well plates to 1.5×10e⁵ cells/100 μL/well, and incubated overnight.

On the day of experiment, a 0.5 μM Fluo-4 solution [a solution prepared by adding 20 mM HEPES (Sigma), 250 mM probenecid (Nacalai Tesque), 0.05% BSA, 0.5 μM Fluo-4 AM (Dojindo Laboratories), and 0.1% Pluronic F217 (Molecular Probe Co.) to a Hanks Balanced Solt Solution (Invitrogen)] was added to the cells, and Fluo-4 was loaded on the cells by incubating for 2 hours at room temperature.

After loading Fluo-4, the Fluo-4 solution was replaced with a reaction solution [a solution obtained by adding 20 mM HEPES, 250 mM probenecid, and 0.05% BSA to a Hanks Balanced Solt Solution], and then measurement was performed using a device for measuring an intracellular calcium concentration (FLIPR tetra, Molecular Devices Inc.).

A reaction solution in which the compound of the formula (I) (with a final concentration of 0.1 nM to 10 μM) had been dissolved was added to each of the wells, the signals were measured over time for 4 minutes, then a reaction solution in which LPA (final concentration 100 nM) had been dissolved was added thereto, and the signals were measured over time for 2 minutes. The difference between the maximum and minimum response during one minute from addition of LPA was calculated. The inhibitory activity was calculated, with a response when LPA only (not including the compound) was added was taken as 0% inhibition, and a response when a reaction solution not including both of the compound and LPA was added was taken as 100% inhibition. Then the 50% inhibitory concentration was calculated as an IC₅₀ value (nM). The results are shown in Table 1.

Human LPA1-CHO cells used in the present test were the cells with the same sequence as described in the pamphlet of International Publication WO 99/19513 were used. Further, Ex represents Example No. as denoted below.

TABLE 1 Ex IC₅₀ (nM) 5 7.8 69 8.8 22 24 27 14 56 29 62 11 71 16 79 16 89 17 108 11 109 22 110 11 111 6.6 113 12 115 16 121 19 123 7.5 126 20 131 7.2 134 25 137 9.9 145 23 147 16 153 21 154 34 156 15 167 12 168 17 170 34 175 23 176 24 200 33 208 40 233 22 266 65 272 44 277 12 283 29 285 32 290 33

Further, as a result of the present test on the compound of Example 10 (5) in the pamphlet of WO 2004/031118, the IC₅₀ value of the relevant compound was 99 nM. Accordingly, it became apparent that the compound of the present invention has an excellent LPA1 receptor antagonistic action, as compared with the relevant compound.

Test Example 2 Inhibitory Action of Compound of Formula (I) on LPA-Induced Increase in Urethral Pressure in Rats Under Anesthesia (with Intravenous Administration at 0.1 mg/kg)

Male Wistar rats (Charles River, 9- to 12-week old) were anesthetized with urethane (1.2 g/kg ip), and held in the supine position on an operating table kept at 37° C. The lower abdominal portion was midline-incised and the bladder was thus exposed. A small portion of the bladder apex was incised, a microchip pressure transducer (Millar) was inserted antegrade, and then placed in the urethra, and the urethral pressure was recorded continuously. In addition, a cannula for administration of a drug was placed into the femoral vein. After about 1 hour of stabilization, the compound of formula (I) (0.1 mg/kg) was administered intravenously. After 5 minutes, LPA (1-oleoyl) was administered intravenously at 3 mg/kg, and the changes in the urethral pressure were recorded. The inhibitory rates (%) of the compound of the formula (I) on the LPA-stimulated increase in the urethral pressure compared with those after administration of the solvent of the compound of the formula (I) were recorded. The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Inhibitory rate Ex (%) 69 33 9 28 63 28 71 18 111 56 123 39 130 39 131 38 132 42 137 17 145 16 153 21 154 28 162 21 167 35 200 31 208 14 233 38 266 15 277 42

Test Example 3 Estimation of Concentration in Plasma (2 Hours after Oral Administration) after Administration of Compound of Formula (I) in Rats Using Ex Vivo Bioassay Method

The concentration in the plasma after administration of the compound of the formula (I) in rats was estimated according to a bioassay method. That is, test compounds were orally administered to male Wistar rats (Charles River, 6-week old, and fasted), and after a certain period of time, blood was collected from the ophthalmic basilar plexus to give plasma. The compound was extracted from the plasma, and the extracted compound was dissolved in a certain amount of DMSO. Further, for the standard curve, the plasma in which the compounds at various concentrations had been dissolved was prepared separately, and the same extraction procedure was conducted.

The inhibitory action on the LPA-stimulated increase in the intracellular calcium ion concentration in LPA1-expressing cells in the DMSO extract was measured, and the plasma concentration in the individual after administration was estimated from the standard curve. The results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Concentration in plasma Ex (μM) 9 8.3 22 1.3 27 6.5 56 1.8 71 2.1 89 2.4 100 6.7 126 8.9 134 1.4 145 5.6 153 5.2 154 3.1 156 2.1 170 1.8 171 2.2 176 4.5

As a result of the test, it was confirmed that the compound of the formula (I) has an excellent LPA receptor antagonistic action and an excellent inhibitory action on an LPA-induced increase in the urethral pressure in rats under anesthesia. Further, by an ex vivo bioassay method, it was confirmed that the compound of the formula (I) has excellent oral absorption, and thus, it can be used for treatment of diseases caused by LPA, or the like.

A pharmaceutical composition containing one or or two more kinds of the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof as an active ingredient can be prepared using excipients that are usually used in the art, that is, excipients for pharmaceutical preparation, carriers for pharmaceutical preparation, and the like according to the methods usually used.

Administration can be accomplished either by oral administration via tablets, pills, capsules, granules, powders, solutions, and the like, or parenteral administration, such as injections such as intraarticular, intravenous, and intramuscular injections, suppositories, ophthalmic solutions, eye ointments, transdermal liquid preparations, ointments, transdermal patches, transmucosal liquid preparations, transmucosal patches, inhalers, and the like.

The solid composition for use in the oral administration is used in the form of tablets, powders, granules, or the like. In such a solid composition, one or more active ingredient(s) are mixed with at least one inactive excipient. In a conventional method, the composition may contain inactive additives, such as a lubricant, a disintegrating agent, a stabilizer, or a solubilization assisting agent. If necessary, tablets or pills may be coated with sugar or a film of a gastric or enteric coating substance.

The liquid composition for oral administration contains pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, elixirs, or the like, and also contains generally used inert diluents, for example, purified water or ethanol. In addition to the inert diluent, the liquid composition may also contain auxiliary agents, such as a solubilization assisting agent, a moistening agent, and a suspending agent, sweeteners, flavors, aromatics, or antiseptics.

The injections for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions and emulsions. The aqueous solvent includes, for example, distilled water for injection and physiological saline. Examples of the non-aqueous solvent include alcohols such as ethanol. Such a composition may further contain a tonicity agent, an antiseptic, a moistening agent, an emulsifying agent, a dispersing agent, a stabilizer, or a solubilizing aid. These are sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacteria retaining filter, blending of a bactericide, or irradiation. In addition, these can also be used by preparing a sterile solid composition, and dissolving or suspending it in sterile water or a sterile solvent for injection prior to its use.

The agent for external use includes ointments, plasters, creams, jellies, poultices, sprays, lotions, eye drops, eye ointments, and the like. The agents contain generally used ointment bases, lotion bases, aqueous or non-aqueous liquid preparations, suspensions, emulsions, and the like.

As the transmucosal agents such as an inhaler, a transnasal agent, and the like, those in the form of a solid, liquid, or semi-solid state are used, and can be prepared in accordance with a conventionally known method. For example, a known excipient, and also a pH adjusting agent, an antiseptic, a surfactant, a lubricant, a stabilizer, a thickening agent, or the like may be appropriately added thereto. For their administration, an appropriate device for inhalation or blowing can be used. For example, a compound may be administered alone or as a powder of formulated mixture, or as a solution or suspension in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, using a known device or sprayer, such as a measured administration inhalation device, and the like. A dry powder inhaler or the like may be for single or multiple administration use, and a dry powder or a powder-containing capsule may be used. Alternatively, this may be in a form such as a pressurized aerosol spray which uses an appropriate ejection agent, for example, a suitable gas such as chlorofluoroalkane, carbon dioxide, and the like.

In oral administration, the daily dose is generally from about 0.001 to 100 mg/kg, preferably from 0.1 to 30 mg/kg, and more preferably 0.1 to 10 mg/kg, per body weight, administered in one portion or in 2 to 4 divided portions. In the case of intravenous administration, the daily dose is suitably administered from about 0.0001 to 10 mg/kg per body weight, once a day or two or more times a day. In addition, a transmucosal agent is administered at a dose from about 0.001 to 100 mg/kg per body weight, once a day or two or more times a day. The dose is appropriately decided in response to the individual case by taking the symptoms, the age, and the gender, and the like into consideration.

The compound of the formula (I) can be used in combination with various therapeutic or prophylactic agents for the diseases for which the compound of the formula (I) is considered to be effective, as described above. The combined preparation may be administered simultaneously, or separately and continuously, or at a desired time interval. The preparations to be administered simultaneously may be a blend, or may be prepared individually.

EXAMPLES

Hereinbelow, the preparation methods for the compound of the formula (I) will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. Further, the present invention is not limited to only the preparation methods of the specific Examples and Preparation Examples below, but the compound of the formula (I) can be prepared by a combination of the preparation methods or a method apparent to a person skilled in the art.

Moreover, the following abbreviations may be used in some cases in the Examples, Preparation Examples, and Tables as described later.

Rf: Preparation Example No.,

Ex: Example No.,

Data: Physicochemical data,

ESI+: representing m/z values in ESI-MS (positive ions), and representing [M+H]⁺ peaks unless otherwise specified,

ESI−: representing m/z values in ESI-MS (negative ions), and representing [M−H]⁻ peaks unless otherwise specified,

APCI+: representing m/z values in APCI-MS (positive ions), and representing [M+H]⁺ peaks unless otherwise specified,

APCI−: representing m/z values in APCI-MS (negative ions), and representing [M−H]⁻ peaks unless otherwise specified,

FAB+: representing m/z values in FAB-MS (positive ions), and representing [M+H]⁺ peaks unless otherwise specified,

FAB−: representing m/z values in FAB-MS (negative ions), and representing [M−H]⁻ peaks unless otherwise specified,

EI+: representing m/z values in EI-MS (positive ions), and representing [M]⁺ peaks unless otherwise specified,

CI+: representing m/z values in CI-MS (positive ions), and representing [M+H]⁺ peaks unless otherwise specified,

NMR-DMSO-d₆: δ (ppm) in ¹H NMR in DMSO-d₆,

NMR-CDCl₃: δ (ppm) in ¹H NMR in CDCl₃,

Structure: Structural formula,

Syn: Preparation method (in which the numeral shows that the compound is prepared by the same preparation method as the compound having the Example No. and R prefixed before the numeral shows that the compound is prepared by the same preparation method as the compound having the Preparation Example No.),

D-Arg: D-arginate,

HCl: hydrochloride,

brine: saturated brine,

DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide,

THF: tetrahydrofuran,

EtOH: ethanol,

DME: 1,2-dimethoxyethane,

DMF: N,N-dimethylformamide,

MeOH: methanol,

CHCl₃: chloroform,

CDI: 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole,

DBU: 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene,

DEAD: diethyl azodicarboxylate,

DMAP: 4-dimethylaminopyridine,

HOBT: 1-hydroxybenzotriazole,

WSCD HCl: 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride,

TBAF: tetrabutylammonium fluoride,

NBS: N-bromosuccinimide,

AIBN: 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile),

LHMDS: lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide,

Pd (PPh₃)₄: tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0),

Zn(CN)₂: dicyanozinc,

ADDP: 1,1′-(azodicarbonyl)dipiperidine,

HATU: O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate,

DBAD: di-tert-butylazodicarboxylate,

DAST: (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride,

MgSO₄: anhydrous magnesium sulfate,

Na₂SO₄: anhydrous sodium sulfate,

n-Bu: normal butyl,

M: mol/L.

Preparation Example 1

tert-Butyl 4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate (1.43 g) and anisole (0.85 g) were added to methylene chloride (30 mL), and trifluoroacetic acid (15 mL) was slowly added dropwise thereto under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 2 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and an appropriate amount of ice water was poured into the obtained residue. The resulting pale orange precipitate was collected by filtration and dried to prepare 4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (1.11 g).

Preparation Example 2

tert-Butyl 5-(acetoxymethyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (150 mg) was added to methylene chloride (2 mL), followed by ice-cooling. To this mixture was slowly added dropwise trifluoroacetic acid (0.67 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for about 14 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and an appropriate amount of toluene was poured into the obtained residue. The solvent was evaporated again under reduced pressure. This procedure was repeated twice and azeotroped with trifluoroacetic acid to prepare 5-(acetoxymethyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (135 mg).

Preparation Example 3

Ethyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-vinylbenzoate (150 mg) was added to an EtOH/THF (1:1) solution (4 mL), and a 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (1.25 mL) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 12 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and to the obtained residue was added purified water. To this mixture was added dropwise 1 M hydrochloric acid (1.25 mL) under ice-cooling, and the precipitated white solid was collected by filtration and dried under reduced pressure to prepare 3,5-dimethoxy-4-vinylbenzoic acid (111 mg).

Preparation Example 4

Ethyl 2-{[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (1.27 g) was added to a THF/MeOH (2:1) solution (13.2 mL), and a 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (4.4 mL) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 2 hours. Ice water (about 50 g) including 1 M hydrochloric acid (7 mL) was poured into the reaction mixture, followed by extraction with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate twice. The organic layer was washed with brine and then dried over MgSO₄, and the solvent was evaporated to prepare 2-{[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(3-phenylpropyl)aminomethyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (1.15 g).

Preparation Example 5

Ethyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (3.5 g) was added to a THF/EtOH (2:1) solution (45 mL), and a 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (15 mL) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 2 hours. An appropriate amount of a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution including 1 M hydrochloric acid (30 mL) and ice water were poured into the reaction mixture, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate twice. The obtained organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a white foam. The obtained white foam was crystallized from a small amount of ethyl acetate-hexane (3:1), washed with diethyl ether, and collected by filtration to prepare 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (3.11 g) as a white powder.

Preparation Example 6

tert-Butyl {[(2-fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]sulfonyl}carbamate (412 mg) and trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) were added to methylene chloride (5 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for about 1 hour, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare N-(2-fluoroethyl)-N-methylsulfamide (156 mg).

Preparation Example 7

N-Methyl-N-[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]sulfamide was prepared from N-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)ethanamine by carrying out the same reactions as in Preparation Example 54 and Preparation Example 6, successively.

Preparation Example 8

1-(5-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile (100 mg) and a 5 M aqueous potassium hydroxide solution (2 mL) were added to ethylene glycol (2 mL), followed by heating at 120° C. overnight. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of ice water, and 1 M hydrochloric acid was further added thereto to adjust the mixture to be weakly acidic, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to prepare 1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (55 mg).

Preparation Example 9

4-Formyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (1.38 g) was added to DMF (12 mL), followed by adding potassium carbonate (1.82 g) and methyl iodide (0.61 mL) sequentially and stirring at room temperature for about 15 hours. Ice water (120 mL) was poured into the reaction mixture, followed by stirring for about 30 minutes, and then the resulting insoluble material was collected by filtration while washing with purified water, and then dried under reduced pressure at 40° C. to prepare methyl 4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate (1.24 g).

Preparation Example 10

5-({[tert-Butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.83 g) was added to benzene (10 mL), and 1,1-di-tert-butoxy N,N-dimethylmethane (2 mL) was further slowly added dropwise thereto, followed by heating at 70 to 80° C. for about 30 minutes. Subsequently, 0.5 equivalents of 1,1-di-tert-butoxy-N,N-dimethylmethane was added again thereto, followed by further heating for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was left to be cooled, and ethyl acetate was added thereto. The mixture was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution including a small amount of 1 M hydrochloric acid, and then the organic layer was dried over MgSO₄. The residue obtained by evaporating the solvent was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=2:1) to prepare tert-butyl 5-({[tert-butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (500 mg).

Preparation Example 11

Ethyl 4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate (2.13 g) was added to toluene (60 mL), and subsequently, tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphine (0.9 g), (1E,4E)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one.palladium (3:2) (1.35 g), and tributyl(vinyl)tin (2.57 g) were sequentially added thereto, followed by heating at 140° C. for about 36 hours. The reaction mixture was left to be cooled, and then an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate and 0.2 M hydrochloric acid were poured thereinto. The resulting insoluble material was removed by filtration through Celite, and then subjected to a liquid separation operation to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was sequentially washed with an appropriate amount of an aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and brine, and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=9:1) to prepare ethyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-vinylbenzoate (1.2 g).

Preparation Example 12

Ethyl 4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate (2.0 g) was added to water-containing toluene (toluene (30 mL), purified water (1.56 mL)), and subsequently, cyclopropyl boric acid (772 mg), tricyclohexylphosphine (194 mg), potassium phosphate tribasic (5.14 g), and palladium(II) acetate (78 mg) were sequentially added thereto, followed by heating at 100° C. for about 12 hours. The reaction mixture was left to be cooled, and then the insoluble material was collected by filtration by washing it with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate, and the filtrate was sequentially washed with purified water and brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=1:10) to prepare ethyl 4-cyclopropyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate (1.24 g).

Preparation Example 13

Ethyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-vinylbenzoate (1.3 g) was added to MeOH (39 mL), followed by cooling to −78° C. To the mixture was added an appropriate amount of CHCl₃, followed by stirring for 20 minutes under an ozone atmosphere while maintaining the same temperature. Thereafter, the reaction mixture was held under an oxygen atmosphere, and dimethyl sulfide (0.48 mL) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at −78° C. for 30 minutes. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate, followed by sequentially washing with an aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and brine. The obtained organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=4:1) to prepare ethyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-formylbenzoate (1.0 g) as a white solid.

Preparation Example 14

According to the method of Falck, et al. (Tetrahedron Lett., 1994 35, 5997), methyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)benzoate (0.34 g) and ADDP (0.76 g) were added to anhydrous benzene (15 mL), and subsequently, tri-n-butylphosphine (0.74 mL) was slowly added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 15 minutes. To this mixture was added dropwise an excess amount of trifluoroethanol (0.86 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for about 13 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=1:3) to prepare methyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methyl]benzoate (0.45 g) as a white solid.

Preparation Example 15

Ethyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (300 mg) was added to methyl iodide (9 mL), and subsequently, silver(I) oxide (149 mg), and MgSO₄ (239 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 2 days in a sealed tube. To the reaction mixture was added silver(I) oxide (75 mg), followed by stirring at room temperature for additional 3 days. The insoluble material of the reaction mixture was collected by filtration through Celite while washing with an appropriate amount of CHCl₃. The filtrate was washed with water and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=1:1) to prepare ethyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-(methoxymethyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (248 mg).

Preparation Example 16

Ethyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-vinylbenzoate (1.3 g) was added to MeOH (39 mL), followed by cooling to −78° C. To the mixture was added an appropriate amount of CHCl₃, followed by stirring for 20 minutes under an ozone atmosphere while maintaining the same temperature. Thereafter, the reaction mixture was held under an oxygen atmosphere, and dimethyl sulfide (0.48 mL) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at −78° C. for 30 minutes. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate, followed by sequentially washing with an aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and brine. The obtained organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=4:1) to prepare ethyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-formylbenzoate (1.0 g) as a white solid.

Preparation Example 17

Ethyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-vinyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (2.0 g) was added to an acetone/tert-butanol/water (1:1:1) solution (45 mL), and subsequently a 0.1 M osmium tetraoxide (1.97 L) and sodium periodate (1.85 g) were sequentially added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 14 hours. About 200 g of ice water was poured into the reaction mixture, followed by extraction with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate several times. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=3:2) to prepare ethyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-formyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (1.83 g).

Preparation Example 18

N-{[4-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]methyl}-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-N-(3-phenylpropyl)benzamide (0.75 g) and triethylamine (0.71 mL) were added to methylene chloride (7.5 mL), and a mixture of a sulfur trioxide-pyridine complex (0.83 g) and DMSO (1.5 mL) was slowly added dropwise thereto under ice-cooling, followed by stirring under ice-cooling about 4 hours. A small amount of a 1 M hydrochloric acid solution and a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution were poured into the reaction mixture, followed by extraction with CHCl₃. The organic layer was washed with water and dried, and then the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=3:1) to prepare N-[(4-formyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)methyl]-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-N-(3-phenylpropyl)benzamide (0.69 g).

Preparation Example 19

2-(Chloromethyl)-5-methoxypyridine (125 mg) was added to DMSO (5 mL), and subsequently, an aqueous potassium cyanide solution (potassium cyanide (155 mg) and water (1 mL)) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. An appropriate amount of purified water was poured into the reaction mixture under ice-cooling, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The obtained organic layer was sequentially washed with purified water and brine, and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare (5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile (110 mg).

Preparation Example 20

To a mixture of (5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile (0.11 mg), 1-bromo-2-chloroethane (0.2 mL), and N-benzyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride (20 mg) was slowly added dropwise a 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 mL) under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 5 hours. Ice water was poured into the reaction mixture, followed by extraction with diethyl ether. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=1:2) to prepare 1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile (100 mg) as a white solid.

Preparation Example 21

tert-Butyl 4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate (0.3 g) was added to methylene chloride (10 mL), and subsequently, DAST (0.25 mL) was added dropwise thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was carefully added a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, followed by extraction with CHCl₃. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=7:3 to 5:5) to obtain a colorless oily substance. The obtained oily substance was dissolved in 4 M hydrochloric acid/ethyl acetate (10 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. Thereafter, the solvent was evaporated to prepare 4-(difluoromethyl)-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (0.22 g) as a white solid.

Preparation Example 22

The following products were prepared with a partial modification of the method of Liu, et al. (Synthesis, 2001 14, 2078-2080).

Ethyl (2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)carboxylate (25 g) was added to carbon tetrachloride (500 mL), and subsequently, NBS (53 g), and benzoyl peroxide (4.7 g) (wetted with 75% water) were sequentially added thereto, followed by heating to reflux for 100 minutes under close irradiation with a 300 W lamp. The reaction mixture was left to be cooled, then the insoluble material was collected by filtration, and the obtained filtrate was washed with water, followed by extraction with an appropriate amount of CHCl₃. The organic layer was sequentially washed with a 5% (W/W) aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution (600 g) and brine, and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. To the obtained residue was added THF (300 mL), followed by sequential addition dropwise of diethyl phosphite (18.9 mL) and a Hunig's base (25.4 mL) at about 0° C. under an argon atmosphere. Thereafter, the temperature was slowly elevated, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 2 hours. An appropriate amount of ice water was poured into the reaction mixture, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate several times. The organic layer was sequentially washed with 0.3 M hydrochloric acid (1 L) and brine, and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=3:1 to 2:1) to prepare ethyl [2-(bromomethyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]carboxylate (26.82 g).

Preparation Example 23

Ethyl 2-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (10 g) was added to acetonitrile (100 mL), and subsequently, NBS (11.4 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 3 hours under heating to reflux. To the reaction mixture was added NBS (5.0 g), followed by stirring for 2 hours under refluxing, and then NBS (5.0 g) was further added thereto, followed by stirring for about 12 hours under the same condition. An appropriate amount of a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was slowly poured into the reaction mixture under cooling, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=3:2) to prepare ethyl 5-bromo-2-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (8.86 g).

Preparation Example 24

Ethyl 5-bromo-2-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (6.84 g) was added to carbon tetrachloride (114 mL), and subsequently, NBS (5.35 g) and AIBN (2.25 g) were added thereto, followed by stirring at about 90° C. for 2 hours, and then NBS (5.0 g) and AIBN (0.9 g) were added thereto, followed by heating to reflux for additional 1 hour. The reaction mixture was left to be cooled, then the insoluble material was collected by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=3:2) to prepare ethyl 5-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (5.55 g).

Preparation Example 25

Ethyl 2-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (10 g) was added to DMF (100 mL) under ice-cooling, and subsequently, trichloroisocyanuric acid (13.6 g) was slowly added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. Thereafter, an equivalent amount of trichloroisocyanuric acid was added thereto several times in divided portions, followed by stirring at room temperature for one day. The insoluble material in the reaction mixture was collected by filtration through Celite, and to the filtrate was added ice water including an appropriate amount of a 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=7:3→1:1) to prepare ethyl 5-chloro-2-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (6.7 g).

Preparation Example 26

3-Phenylpropan-1-amine (11.33 g) and potassium carbonate (11.58 g) were added to acetonitrile (300 mL), and a solution of ethyl 2-(bromomethyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (11.64 g) in acetonitrile (30 mL) were slowly added dropwise thereto in an MeOH/ice bath, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of ice water, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate several times. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=3:1 to 5:1) to prepare ethyl 2-{[(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (13.17 g).

Preparation Example 27

Ethyl 5-(chloromethyl)isoxazole-3-carboxylate (1.0 g) was added to acetonitrile (20 mL), and subsequently, 3-phenylpropyl amine (1.5 mL) and potassium carbonate (1.46 g) were added thereto under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at 60° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was left to be cooled, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. To the obtained residue was added an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate, followed by stirring for a while. Thereafter, the insoluble material was collected by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=1:1) to prepare ethyl 5-{[(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}isoxazole-3-carboxylate (0.94 g).

Preparation Example 28

Ethyl 2-{[(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (1 g) was added to THF (12 mL), and subsequently, di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (0.72 g) was slowly added thereto under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the obtained colorless oily substance was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to prepare ethyl 2-{[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (1.31 g).

Preparation Example 29

Ethyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (1.24 g) was added to methylene chloride (25 mL), and subsequently, tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane (0.4 g), triethylamine (0.34 mL), and DMAP (0.15 g) were sequentially added thereto, followed by stirring for about 3 hours. To the reaction mixture was added CHCl₃, followed by sequentially washing with an appropriate amount of an aqueous ammonium chloride solution and brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=1:1) to prepare ethyl 5-({[tert-butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (1.46 g).

Preparation Example 30

tert-Butyl [(4-{[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]carbamoyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)methyl](3-phenylpropyl)carbamate (0.87 g) was added to ethyl acetate (1 mL), and subsequently, a 4 M hydrochloric acid/ethyl acetate solution (4 mL) was poured thereinto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 12 hours under a sealed argon gas atmosphere. After diluting and subsequently washing the reaction mixture with an appropriate amount of diethyl ether, a white precipitate was collected by filtration/dried to prepare N-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]-2-{[(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (0.74 g) as a white solid.

Preparation Example 31

5-Formyl-furan-2-carboxylic acid (3.5 g) was added to DMF (35 mL), and subsequently, potassium carbonate and ethyl iodide (2.22 mL) were added thereto under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of ice water, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate several times. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was evaporated to prepare ethyl 5-formyl-furan-2-carboxylate (2.56 g).

Subsequently, ethyl 5-{[(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-2-furoate (0.64 g) was prepared from ethyl 5-formyl-furan-2-carboxylate (500 mg) and 3-phenylpropylamine (0.85 mL) in the same manner as in Preparation Example 52.

Next, ethyl 5-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-2-furoate (454 mg) was prepared from ethyl 5-{[(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-2-furoate (330 mg) in the same manner as in Preparation Example 56.

Preparation Example 32

tert-Butyl 5-({[tert-butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (0.49 g) was added to THF (6 mL), and subsequently, a 1 M TBAF/THF solution (3 mL) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and to the obtained residue was added a cooled mixed aqueous solution of 1 M hydrochloric acid/saturated ammonium chloride (1:1), followed by extraction with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate twice. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. The obtained pale brown oily substance was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=3:2) to prepare tert-butyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (0.33 g).

Preparation Example 33

Ethyl 2-(diethoxymethyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (12.1 g) was added to acetone (300 mL), and subsequently, 1 M hydrochloric acid (150 mL) was added thereto, followed by stirring at 55° C. for about 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, neutralized by the addition of an appropriate amount of a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, and then extracted with ethyl acetate several times. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare ethyl 2-formyl-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (8.25 g).

Preparation Example 34

2-{[(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.8 g) was added to anhydrous THF (30 mL), and subsequently, CDI (0.52 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at about 60° C. for 1 hour under an argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was ice-cooled, and N,N-dimethylsulfamide (0.53 g) and DBU (0.42 g) were sequentially added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 6 hours. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of 1 M hydrochloric acid and ice water, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate several times. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=200:1) to prepare tert-butyl [(4-{[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]carbamoyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)methyl](3-phenylpropyl)carbamate (0.9 g).

Preparation Example 35

Benzyl [(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]carbamate (2.55 g) was added to MeOH, and subsequently, 10% palladium carbon (657 mg, 55% wet) was added thereto, followed by stirring at a normal temperature/a normal pressure for about 3 hours under a hydrogen atmosphere. The catalyst was collected by filtration through Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-sulfonamide (1.4 g) as a colorless oily substance.

Preparation Example 36

2,2-diethoxyethanethioamide (9.21 g), calcium carbonate (3.39 g), and an appropriate amount of powder Molecular Sieves (4 Angstrom, about 2 times a medicinal spoon) were added to EtOH (220 mL), and subsequently, ethyl 3-bromo-2-oxobutanoate (13.1 g) prepared by the method by Plouvier, et al. (Heterocycles, 1991 32, 693.) was added dropwise thereto over about 5 minutes, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 30 minutes. Thereafter, the mixture was further warmed to 55° C. for about 6 hours. The reaction mixture was left to be cooled, then the insoluble material was collected by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the obtained residue was added an appropriate amount of water, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate twice. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=7:3) to prepare ethyl 2-(diethoxymethyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (12.1 g).

Preparation Example 37

Methyl 4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate (3.01 g) was added to a MeOH/THF (1:1) solution (30 mL), and subsequently, 0.3 g of sodium borohydride was added thereto under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at the same temperature for about 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (24 mL) was poured into the obtained residue, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 30 minutes. The resulting insoluble material was collected by filtration to prepare methyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)benzoate (2.78 g) as a white solid.

Preparation Example 38

Ethyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-formyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (1.57 g) was added to methylene chloride (25 mL), and subsequently, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.96 g) was added thereto in an ice bath, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 14 hours. Thereafter, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.5 g) was further added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of CHCl₃, and an appropriate amount of an aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was added thereto, followed by stirring for a while. The reaction mixture was subjected to liquid separation, subsequently, the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=3:1) to prepare ethyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (1.25 g).

Preparation Example 39

3-Phenylpropan-1-amine (1.3 g) was added to methylene chloride (30 mL), and subsequently, ethyl 2-formyl-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (1.2 g) and acetic acid (1.5 mL) were sequentially added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 20 minutes. Thereafter, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (2.69 g) was added thereto under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added CHCl₃, and an appropriate amount of a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was further added thereto, followed by stirring and then performing liquid-separation. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained yellow oily substance was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=250:1) to prepare ethyl 5-methyl-2-{[(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (1.56 g).

Preparation Example 40

Under an argon atmosphere, chlorosulfonylisocyanate (0.15 mL) was added to methylene chloride (9.5 mL), followed by cooling in an MeOH/ice bath. Subsequently, tert-butanol (0.18 mL) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring for about 30 minutes under cooling. To the reaction mixture were slowly sequentially added triethylamine (0.61 mL) and 2-fluoro-N-methyl ethanamine hydrochloride (197 mg), followed by stirring for 30 minutes under cooling, warming to room temperature, and then further stirring overnight. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and to the obtained residue was added an appropriate amount of purified water, followed by acidification with 1 M hydrochloric acid, and then extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare tert-butyl {[(2-fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]sulfonyl}carbamate (412 mg) as a colorless oily substance.

Preparation Example 41

Under an argon atmosphere, chlorosulfonylisocyanate (1 mL) was added to methylene chloride (67 mL), and the mixture was cooled in an MeOH/ice bath. Subsequently, benzyl alcohol (1.26 mL) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring for about 30 minutes under cooling. To the reaction mixture were slowly sequentially added triethylamine (2.42 mL) and 3-hydroxypyrrolidine (1.22 mL), followed by stirring for 30 minutes under cooling, then warming to room temperature, and further stirring overnight. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and to the obtained residue was added an appropriate amount of purified water, followed by acidification with 1 M hydrochloric acid, and then extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=3:1 to 2:1) to prepare benzyl [(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]carbamate (2.55 g) as a white solid.

Preparation Example 42

Ethyl 2-{[(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (3.2 g) and triethylamine (1.61 mL) were added to acetonitrile (70 mL), and the mixture was sufficiently cooled in an MeOH/ice bath. Subsequently, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl chloride (2.48 g) was slowly added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The solvent was evaporated, and to the obtained residue was added an appropriate amount of a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, followed by stirring for 2 to 3 minutes and then extraction with ethyl acetate several times. The organic layer was sequentially washed with 1 M hydrochloric acid/a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and brine, and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained colorless oily substance was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=1:1) to prepare ethyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (4.93 g).

Preparation Example 43

Anhydrous acetic acid (0.5 mL) was added to pyridine (2 mL), and subsequently tert-butyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (140 mg) was added thereto under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 1.5 hours. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of toluene, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. This procedure was repeated twice, and to the obtained residue was added 0.5 M hydrochloric acid that had been cooled, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate several times. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare tert-butyl 5-(acetoxymethyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (150 mg).

Preparation Example 44

Ethyl 2-({[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acetyl](3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate was prepared from ethyl 5-methyl-2-{[(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate in the same manner as the method of Example 1 as described later.

Preparation Example 45

3,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromobenzoic acid (10 g) was added to DMF (100 mL), and subsequently, CDI (9.32 g) was slowly added thereto at room temperature, followed by stirring at about 40° C. for 1 hour. Further, to the reaction mixture were sequentially added dropwise tert-butanol (7.4 mL) and DBU (6.3 mL), followed by stirring at about 40° C. for about 3 days. An appropriate amount of ethyl acetate was poured into the reaction mixture, followed by sequentially washing with diluted hydrochloric acid, an aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, and brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare tert-butyl 4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate (11 g) as a white solid.

tert-Butyl 4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate (2.22 g) was added to anhydrous TI-IF (50 mL), followed by cooling to around −78° C. under an argon atmosphere, and to the mixture was added dropwise a 2.73 M n-butyl lithium/n-hexane solution (3.1 mL), followed by stirring for about 30 minutes under cooling (about −78° C.). To the reaction mixture was added dropwise DMF (1.1 mL), followed by stirring at the same temperature for about 10 minutes, and then a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution was poured thereinto, followed by extraction with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate twice. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=3:2) to prepare tert-butyl 4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate (1.44 g) as a white powder.

Preparation Example 46

Ethyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-vinylbenzoate (1.05 g) and 10% palladium/carbon (100 mg) were added to ethyl acetate (20 mL), followed by stirring at a normal temperature/a normal pressure for about 12 hours under a hydrogen atmosphere. The catalyst was collected by filtration through Celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=1:1) to prepare 3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylbenzoate (902 mg).

Ethyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylbenzoate (0.35 g) was added to an EtOH/THF (1:2)(6 mL) solution, and subsequently, a 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (3.7 mL) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 15 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to a half amount, and ice water (about 20 to 30 g) including 1 M hydrochloric acid (6 mL) was added thereto, followed by extraction with CHCl₃ several times. The organic layer was washed with water and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare 3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylbenzoic acid (0.28 g).

Preparation Example 47

Ethyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-vinyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (235 mg) and 10% palladium/carbon (48 mg) were added to EtOH/THF (1:1) (8 mL), followed by stirring at a normal temperature/a normal pressure for 4 hours under a hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=2:3) to prepare ethyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-ethyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (198 mg).

Subsequently, 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-ethyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (110 mg) was prepared from ethyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-ethyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (118 mg) in the same manner as the method of Preparation Example 5.

Preparation Example 48

Ethyl (2,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)formate (0.78 g) and bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur-trifluoride (1.8 g) were added to an appropriate amount of dichloroethane, followed by stirring at 60° C. overnight. To the reaction mixture were added bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur-trifluoride (1.8 g), followed by stirring at 60° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was neutralized by the addition of an appropriate amount of a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution under ice-cooling, followed by extraction with CHCl₃. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=1:2) to prepare ethyl (2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)(difluoro)acetate (852 mg).

Subsequently, (2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)(difluoro)acetic acid (214 mg) was prepared from ethyl (2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)(difluoro)acetate (0.24 g) in the same manner as the method of Preparation Example 3.

Preparation Example 49

2-Fluoro-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (1.0 g), triethylamine (0.2 mL), and trimethylsilylcyanide (0.9 mL) were added to methylene chloride (10 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and to the obtained residue were added EtOH (12 mL) and chlorotrimethylsilane (12 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was left to be cooled, and then the solvent was evaporated. Dichloroethane (20 mL), EtOH (10 mL), and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (20 mL) were poured into the obtained residue, followed by severely stirring at room temperature for about 3 hours. The reaction mixture was extracted with an appropriate amount of CHCl₃, the organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare ethyl (2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetate (0.67 g).

Subsequently, (2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetic acid (0.35 g) was prepared from ethyl (2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetate (0.67 g) in the same manner as the method of Preparation Example 3.

Preparation Example 50

Under ice-cooling, a Burgess reagent (3,3,3-triethyl-1-(methoxycarbonyl)diazathia-3-ium-1-iodo-2,2-dioxide) (2.0 g) and concentrated aqueous ammonia (to 30%) (1.6 mL) were added to toluene (20 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The mixture was neutralized with 0.5 M hydrochloric acid and then extracted with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare methyl (aminosulfonyl)carbamate (650 mg).

Subsequently, methyl (aminosulfonyl)carbamate (160 mg), benzyl alcohol (0.14 mL), and triphenylphosphine (354 mg) were added to THF (4.9 mL), and subsequently, a 2.2 M DEAD/toluene solution (0.61 mL) was added thereto under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=10:1 to 2:1) to prepare methyl (aminosulfonyl)benzylcarbamate (214 mg).

Preparation Example 51

Under ice-cooling, to DMF (31 mL) was slowly added dropwise phosphorous oxychloride (4.47 mL), followed by stirring at the same temperature for about 15 minutes. To the reaction mixture was added methyl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (5.0 g), followed by slowly warming to 60° C. and stirring for about 5 hours. The reaction mixture was neutralized by the addition of a 8 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution under ice-cooling, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate several times. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=1:1) to prepare methyl 5-formyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (2.53 g).

Subsequently, methyl 5-{[(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (1.28 g) was prepared from methyl 5-formyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (1.0 g) in the same manner as the method of Preparation Example 52.

Preparation Example 52

Ethyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-formylbenzoate (0.6 g) was added to a MeOH/THF (1:1) (30 mL) solution, and sodium borohydride (0.19 g) was added thereto under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The solvent was evaporated, and the obtained residue was dissolved in an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate, followed by sequentially washing with appropriate amounts of 1 M hydrochloric acid, an aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, and brine, and performing liquid-separation. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated to prepare ethyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)benzoate (0.55 g) as a white solid.

Subsequently, ethyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)benzoate (300 mg) was added to DMF (3 mL), and sodium hydride (60 mg) and methyl iodide (0.16 mL) were sequentially added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 6 hours. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate, and the insoluble material was collected by filtration and then washed with purified water and brine. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated to prepare ethyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)benzoate (300 mg).

Furthermore, ethyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)benzoate (300 mg) was added to an EtOH/THF (1:2) solution (7.5 mL), and subsequently, a 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2.3 mL) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 15 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to about a half amount, the reaction mixture was concentrated, and ice water (about 20 to 30 g) including 1 M hydrochloric acid (6 mL) was poured into the obtained residue, followed by extraction with CHCl₃ several times. The organic layer was washed with water and dried over Na₂SO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated to prepare 3,5-dimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)benzoic acid (240 mg).

Preparation Example 53

1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (1.07 g) was added to EtOH (20 mL), and concentrated sulfuric acid (0.1 mL) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at 70° C. for 2 days. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and to the obtained residue was added a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, followed by extraction with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate-2:1) to prepare ethyl 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (1.15 g) as a pale yellow solid.

Subsequently, ethyl 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (200 mg), triphenylphosphine (382 mg), and 2-fluoroethanol (93 mg) were added to THF, and subsequently, DBAD (335 mg) was added thereto under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to prepare ethyl 1-[4-(2-fluoroethoxy)phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxylate (190 mg) as a colorless oily substance.

Furthermore, ethyl 1-[4-(2-fluoroethoxy)phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxylate (190 mg) was added to an EtOH/THF (1:1) solution (10 mL), and subsequently, a 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 mL) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and neutralized by the addition of purified water and 1 M hydrochloric acid, and then resulting insoluble material was collected by filtration to prepare 1-[4-(2-fluoroethoxy)phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (152 mg) as a white solid.

Preparation Example 54

The following products were prepared with a partial modification of the method of Johnson, et al. (Tetrahedron Lett., 2004 45, 8483-8487.).

N-Benzylmethane sulfonamide (2.0 g) was added to THF (40 mL), and subsequently, a 1.66 M solution of n-butyl lithium in n-hexane (13.1 mL) was added dropwise thereto under cooling at −78° C., followed by stirring for 5 minutes and then warming to 0° C. To the reaction mixture was slowly added dropwise a mixture prepared by adding acetaldehyde (2.4 mL) to THF (20 mL), followed by stirring for 2 hours while warming to room temperature. To the reaction mixture was added an aqueous ammonium chloride solution, followed by extraction with CHCl₃, the aqueous layer was separated with a phase separator, and the solvent of the organic layer was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=20:1) to prepare N-benzyl-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonamide (1.94 g) as a white solid.

Subsequently, N-benzyl-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonamide (1.94 g), DMAP (0.52 g), triethylamine (1.77 mL), and tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane (1.91 g) were added to methylene chloride (50 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added an aqueous ammonium chloride solution, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried by the addition of MgSO₄, and the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to prepare N-benzyl-2-{[tert-butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propane-1-sulfonamide (1.84 g).

Furthermore, N-benzyl-2-{[tert-butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propane-1-sulfonamide (1.8 g) and 10% palladium hydroxide (0.5 g) were added to ethyl acetate (30 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours under a hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=10:1) to prepare 2-{[tert-butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propane-1-sulfonamide (1.04 g) as a white solid.

Preparation Example 93

2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (500 mg) and CDI (268 mg) were added to THF (30 mL), followed by stirring at 60° C. for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture were added 3-{[tert-butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}pyrrolidin-1-sulfonamide (370 mg) and DBU (251 mg) under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and neutralized by the addition of an appropriate amount of purified water and 1 M hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with CHCl₃ several times. The organic layer was washed with brine and then dried over MgSO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=1:2) to prepare N-[(3-{[tert-butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}pyrrolidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (580 mg).

Preparation Example 106

To a mixture of ethyl 2-formyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (7.4 mg), 2-phenethylamine (4.8 mg), acetic acid (50 μL), and DMF (0.45 mL) was added MP-Triacetoxyborohydride (Biotage) (75 mg), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added PS-Benzaldehyde (Biotage) (50 mg), followed by stirring at room temperature for 4 hours, and the insoluble material was collected by filtration. The filtrate was purified by solid-phase extraction using BondElut SCX (Varian) (eluent, concentrated aqueous ammonia:MeOH=1:9). To the obtained crude purified product was added a mixture of 3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (7.3 mg), HOBT (5.4 mg), and DMF (1.0 mL), and PS-Carbodiimide (Biotage) (100 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture were added MP-Carbonate (Biotage) (50 mg) and PS-Isocyanate (Biotage) (50 mg), followed by stirring at room temperature for 4 hours, and the insoluble material was collected by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and to the obtained residue were sequentially added EtOH (0.4 mL), THF (0.4 mL), and 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.4 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added 1 M hydrochloric acid (0.4 mL), and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by preparative liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy device (MeOH/0.1% aqueous formic acid solution) to prepare 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)(2-phenyl ethyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (6.4 mg).

Preparation Example 216

Ethyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-vinyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (235 mg) and 10% palladium/carbon (48 mg) were added to an EtOH/THF (1:1) solution (7.8 mL), followed by stirring at a normal temperature/a normal pressure for 4 hours under a hydrogen atmosphere. The catalyst was filtered through Celite, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=2:3) to prepare ethyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-ethyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (198 mg) as a colorless oily substance.

Preparation Example 219

Ethyl 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (1.5 g), WSCD HCl (0.76 g), HOBT (0.54 g), and ammonium chloride (0.53 g) were added to DMF (50 mL), and subsequently, triethylamine (1.38 mL) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=10:1) to prepare 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (1.35 g).

Preparation Example 400

To a solution containing tert-butyl 1-(4-bromophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (2.0 g) in THF (50 mL) was added a 2.6 M n-BuLi solution in hexane (2.8 mL) at −78° C., followed by stirring for about 2 minutes, and DMF (0.7 mL) was added thereto, followed by warming to −50° C. and stirring for about 1 hour. The reaction mixture was returned to room temperature, an appropriate amount of a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution was added thereto, followed by extraction with CH₃Cl, and the organic layer was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to prepare tert-butyl 1-(4-formylphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (1.41 g) as a colorless oily substance.

Preparation Example 401

tert-Butyl 1-(4-formylphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (1.4 g) was added to EtOH (2 mL), and sodium borohydride (0.25 g) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of purified water, followed by extraction with CHCl₃, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to prepare tert-butyl 1-[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxylate (1.39 g) as a colorless oily substance.

Preparation Example 402

tert-Butyl 1-[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxylate (700 mg) was added to DMF (12 mL), and 55% sodium hydride (250 mg) was added thereto under ice-cooling, followed by stirring for 10 minutes. Iodomethane (0.3 mL) was added thereto, followed by returning to room temperature and stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, followed by extraction with CHCl₃, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to prepare tert-butyl 1-[4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxylate (580 mg) as a colorless oily substance.

Preparation Example 403

[4-(Methylsulfanyl)phenyl]acetonitrile (2.5 g) and N-benzyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride (0.38 g) was added to bromochloroethane (2.8 mL), and a 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (15 mL) was slowly added thereto under ice-cooling. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 18 hours. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of ice water, followed by extraction with toluene, and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and then evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to prepare 1-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (2.82 g) as a colorless oily substance.

Next, 1-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (2.82 g) and potassium hydroxide (2.4 g) were added to a mixed solution of purified water (15 mL) and ethylene glycol (15 mL), followed by stirring at 140° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into a mixed solution of ice water (100 mL) and 6 M hydrochloric acid (50 mL), and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration and dried under reduced pressure to prepare 1-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (1.09 g) as a white solid.

Preparation Example 405

2-Fluoro-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5.0 g), triphenylphosphine (14 g), and 2-fluoroethanol (3.43 g) were added to THF (150 mL), and diisopropyl (E)-diazene-1,2-dicarboxylate (10.82 g) was added thereto under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature for one week. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane to hexane:ethyl acetate=3:1) to prepare 2-fluoro-4-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzaldehyde (4.9 g) as a white solid.

Preparation Example 408

2-Fluoro-4-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzaldehyde (4.9 g), triethylamine (0.73 mL) and trimethylsilanecarbonitrile (4.0 mL) were sequentially added to methylene chloride (50 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, and to the residue were added EtOH (50 mL) and chlorotrimethylsilane (9.8 mL), followed by stirring at 50° C. for 5 hours. Further, an appropriate amount of saturated sodium bicarbonate water was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was extract with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate, washed with brine, and then dried over Na₂SO₄. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane to hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1) to prepare ethyl [2-fluoro-4-(2-fluoroethoxy)phenyl](hydroxy)acetate (4.0 g) as a colorless solid.

Preparation Example 411

Ethyl [2-fluoro-4-(2-fluoroethoxy)phenyl](hydroxy)acetate (4.0 g), [2-(chloromethoxy)ethyl](trimethyl)silane (0.4 mL), a Hunig's base (0.5 mL), and tetra-n-butylammonium iodide (0.78 g) were sequentially added to methylene chloride (5 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours, and then [2-(chloromethoxy)ethyl](trimethyl) silane (0.4 mL), a Hunig's base (0.5 mL), and tetra-n-butylammonium iodide (0.78 g) were added thereto, followed by further stirring for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, and an appropriate amount of purified water was added thereto. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, then washed with brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane to hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1) to prepare ethyl [2-fluoro-4-(2-fluoroethoxy)phenyl]{[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methoxy}acetate (0.56 g) as a colorless oily substance.

Preparation Example 420

2-Fluoro-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1.5 g), 1-iodopropane (1.26 mL), and potassium carbonate (2.22 g) were sequentially added to acetonitrile (38 mL), followed by stirring at 60° C. for 5 hours. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate, followed by stirring for a while. Then, the insoluble material was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane to hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1) to prepare 2-fluoro-4-propoxybenzaldehyde (1.49 g) as a colorless oily substance.

Preparation Example 421

Ethyl 5-methyl-2-{[(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (0.8 g), a Hunig's base (0.15 mL), (4-ethoxy-2-fluorophenyl) {[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methoxy}acetic acid (0.95 g), and HATU (1.1 g) were sequentially added to acetonitrile (53 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, and to the residue were added an appropriate amount of purified water and 1 M hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with CHCl₃. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane to hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1) to prepare ethyl 2-[4-(4-ethoxy-2-fluorophenyl)-10,10-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-(3-phenylpropyl)-5,7-dioxo-2-aza-10-silaneundec-1-yl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (1.45 g) as a colorless oily substance.

Next, ethyl 2-[4-(4-ethoxy-2-fluorophenyl)-10,10-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-(3-phenylpropyl)-5,7-dioxo-2-aza-10-silaneundec-1-yl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (1.45 g) and a 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (5 mL) were added to a THF/EtOH (1:1) solution (20 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was neutralized by the addition of an appropriate amount of purified water and 1 M hydrochloric acid, and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare 2-[4-(4-ethoxy-2-fluorophenyl)-10,10-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-(3-phenylpropyl)-5,7-dioxo-2-aza-10-silaneundec-1-yl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (1.35 g).

Preparation Example 424

1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (4.5 g) and concentrated sulfuric acid (0.2 mL) were added to EtOH (60 mL), followed by stirring at 70° C. for 2 days. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, and to the residue was added an appropriate amount of saturated sodium bicarbonate water, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane to hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to prepare ethyl 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (5.0 g) as a pale yellow solid.

Preparation Example 425

Ethyl 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (0.7 g), potassium carbonate (0.7 g), and iodomethane-d₂ were sequentially added to DMF (7 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of ice water, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane to hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1) to prepare ethyl 1-{4-[(²H₂)methyloxy]phenyl}cyclopropanecarboxylate (0.705 g) as a colorless oily substance.

Preparation Example 429

A mixture of copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate (155 mg) and (4S,4′S)-2,2′-propane-2,2-diylbis(4-benzyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole) (155 mg) was dried for 30 minutes under reduced pressure, and then added to methylene chloride (7 mL) under an argon air flow, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. To this mixture was added a solution containing ethyl {4-[(²H₂)methyloxy]phenyl}(oxo)acetate (300 mg) in methylene chloride (3 mL), followed by further stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. To the reaction mixture was added diethyl 2,6-dimethylpyridine-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (433 mg) in an ice bath, followed by stirring for 3 hours as it was and subsequently stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of purified water, followed by extraction with CHCl₃, the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane to hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1) to prepare ethyl (2R)-hydroxy{4-[(²H₂)methyloxy]phenyl}acetate (0.25 g) as a colorless oily substance.

Preparation Example 430

N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-N-methylsulfuric diamide (780 mg), DMAP (309 mg), triethylamine (0.85 mL), and tert-butyl (chloro)dimethylsilane (915 mg) were sequentially added to DMF (8 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, followed by extraction with CHCl₃, and the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1) to prepare N-(2-{[tert-butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-N-methylsulfuric diamide (801 mg) as a white solid.

Preparation Example 431

Ethyl (2R)-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]{[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methoxy}acetate (2.65 g), cyclohexene (20 mL), and 10% palladium/carbon (530 mg) were added to EtOH (40 mL), followed by stirring at 100° C. for 2 hours. The insoluble material was filtered through Celite, and the obtained filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane to hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to prepare ethyl (2R)-(4-hydroxyphenyl) {[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methoxy}acetate (2.0 g) as a colorless oily substance.

Preparation Example 432

[2-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro 2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl](triphenyl)phosphonium bromide (4.0 g), 3-(difluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (1.1 g), and sodium hydride (0.37 g) were added to DMSO (20 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours under an argon gas atmosphere. An appropriate amount of ice water and a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution were poured into the reaction mixture, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The obtained organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained yellow oily residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=3:1) to prepare 2-{3-[3-(difluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-en-1-yl}-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (1.47 g) as a yellow oily substance.

Preparation Example 437

2-{3-[3-(Difluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-en-1-yl}-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (1.4 g) and 10% palladium/carbon (0.53 g; 55% wet) were sequentially added to an MeOH/ethyl acetate (3:1) solution (40 mL), followed by stirring at a normal temperature/a normal pressure for about 2 hours under a hydrogen gas atmosphere. The catalyst was filtered through Celite, and the obtained filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare, 2-{3-[3-(difluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl}-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (1.41 g) as a white solid.

Preparation Example 440

2-{3-[3-(Difluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl}-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (1.4 g) and hydrazine hydrate (0.65 mL) were added to EtOH (14 mL), by heating at 90° C. for about 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was left to be cooled, and the insoluble material was removed by filtration while diluting and washing with an appropriate amount of diethyl ether, and the obtained filtrate was concentrated. The residue was diluted with an appropriate amount of diethyl ether, an appropriate amount of MgSO₄ was added thereto, and the precipitated insoluble material was removed by filtration. The obtained filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare 3-[3-(difluoromethyl)phenyl]propan-1-amine (0.74 g) as a colorless oily substance.

Preparation Example 443

With reference to the method of Lesac, et al. (Tetrahedron Asymmetry 2003, 14, 2731-2737), 4-methoxy-2-methylbenzaldehyde (10 g), N-benzyl-N,N,N-triethyl ammonium chloride (0.76 g) and a 50% aqueous NaOH solution (40 mL) were sequentially added to CHCl₃ (20 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 8 hours. The insoluble material was filtered, and the obtained filtrate was diluted with an appropriate amount of purified water and washed with diethyl ether. The aqueous layer was acidified with 1 M hydrochloric acid and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare hydroxy(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)acetic acid (8.0 g) as a pale brown solid.

Preparation Example 445

Hydroxy(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)acetic acid (3.05 g) and (1R)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethanamine (0.27 g) were sequentially added to isopropyl alcohol (10 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration and solidified with isopropyl alcohol. To this solid was added an appropriate amount of purified water and adjusted to be weakly acidic with 1 M hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, and subsequently dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare (2R)-hydroxy(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)acetic acid (0.8 g) as a white solid.

Preparation Example 447

(2R)-Hydroxy(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)acetic acid (183 mg), potassium carbonate (150 mg), and ethyl iodide (193 mg) were sequentially added to DMF (5 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of purified water, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with brine, and subsequently dried over Na₂SO₄. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare ethyl (2R)-hydroxy(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)acetate (150 mg) as a yellow oily substance.

Preparation Example 448

Ethyl (2R)-hydroxy(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)acetate (0.98 g), [2-(chloromethoxy)ethyl](trimethyl) silane (1.54 mL), a Hunig's base (1.5 mL), and tetra-n-butylammonium iodide (1.61 g) were sequentially added to methylene chloride (10 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane to hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1) to prepare ethyl (2R)-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl){[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methoxy}acetate (934 mg) as a colorless oily substance.

Next, ethyl (2R)-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl) {[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methoxy}acetate and a 1 M aqueous NaOH solution (5 mL) were sequentially added to an EtOH/THF (1:1) solution (16 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was adjusted to a neutral solution by the addition of an appropriate amount of 1 M hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare (2R)-(4-m methoxy-2-methylphenyl) {[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methoxy}acetic acid (870 mg) as a colorless oily substance.

Preparation Example 449

Hydroxy(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)acetic acid (1.37 g) was added to EtOH (10 mL), warmed, and dissolved therein, and then (1R)-1-phenethylethylamine (0.95 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration and added to an appropriate amount of purified water, followed by adjustment to a weakly acidic solution with 1 M hydrochloric acid and then extraction with ethyl acetate twice. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare (2R)-hydroxy(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)acetic acid (0.33 g).

Next, (2R)-hydroxy(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)acetic acid (0.33 g), potassium carbonate (0.5 g), and ethyl iodide (0.56 g) were sequentially added to DMF (5 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of ice water, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane→hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1) to prepare ethyl (2R)-hydroxy(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)acetate (0.28 g) as a yellow oily substance.

Preparation Example 450

Ethyl 2-[([3-(3-bromophenyl)propyl]{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (280 mg), ethynyl(trimethyl) silane (0.17 mL), copper iodide (9.3 mg), and bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(II) dichloride (34 mg) were sequentially added to triethylamine (2.8 mL), followed by warming at 70° C. for 20 hours under a sealed argon gas. The reaction mixture was diluted with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate, the black insoluble material was removed by filtration through Celite, and the obtained organic layer was sequentially washed with unsaturated sodium bicarbonate water and brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=1:1) to prepare ethyl 2-{[{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}(3-{3-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]phenyl}propyl)amino]methyl}-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (160 mg).

Preparation Example 451

Ethyl 2-{[{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}(3-{3-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]phenyl}propyl)amino]methyl}-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (150 mg) and potassium carbonate (42 mg) were added to methanol (2 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for about 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and to the residue was added an appropriate amount of purified water, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=3:2) to prepare methyl 2-[([3-(3-ethynylphenyl)propyl]{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (100 mg).

Preparation Example 452

Ethyl 2-[([3-(3-bromophenyl)propyl]{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (300 mg), a 2,4,6-trivinylcyclotriboroxane-pyridine complex (133 mg), palladium acetate (24 mg), tricyclohexylphosphine (59 mg), and potassium phosphate (334 mg) were sequentially added to a dioxane/water (10:1) (6.6 mL) solution, followed by heating at 95° C. for 2.5 days. The insoluble material was removed by filtration through Celite while diluting and washing the reaction mixture with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate and purified water. The filtrate was subjected to liquid-separation, and the obtained organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained brown residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1) to prepare ethyl 2-[({[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}[3-(3-vinylphenyl)propyl]amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (245 mg) as a colorless oily substance.

Preparation Example 453

(2R)-(2-Fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetic acid (1.1 g), potassium carbonate (0.9 g), and ethyl iodide (0.6 mL) were sequentially added to DMF (30 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of purified water, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare ethyl (2R)-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetate (1.2 g).

Next, ethyl (2R)-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetate (270 mg), [2-(chloromethoxy)ethyl](trimethyl) silane (0.42 mL), a Hunig's base (0.42 mL), and tetra-n-butylammonium iodide (440 mg) were sequentially added to methylene chloride (10 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane to hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1) to prepare ethyl(2R)-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl){[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methoxy}acetate (325 mg) as a colorless oily substance.

Preparation Example 454

Ethyl 5-bromo-2-[(4R)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-10,10-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-(3-phenylpropyl)-5,7-dioxo-2-aza-10-silaneundec-1-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (420 mg), tributyl(vinyl)tin (0.27 mL), (1E,4E)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one palladium (3:2) (60 mg), and tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphine (75 mg) were sequentially added to toluene (10 mL), followed by stirring at 80° C. for 2 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane to hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1) to prepare ethyl 2-[(4R)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-10,10-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-(3-phenylpropyl)-5,7-dioxo-2-aza-10-silaneundec-1-yl]-5-vinyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (319 mg) as a colorless oily substance.

Preparation Example 455

Using the same condition as the method of Preparation Example 5 as described above, preparation was performed.

Preparation Example 456

N-(2-{[tert-butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-N-ethylsulfamide was prepared from 2-(ethylamino)ethanol by carrying out the reactions successively and sequentially using the same methods of Preparation Example 41, Preparation Example 35, and Preparation Example 430.

The compounds of Preparation Examples shown in Tables below were prepared using the respective corresponding starting materials in the same manner as the methods of Preparation Examples above. The structures, the preparation methods, and the physicochemical data for the compounds of Preparation Examples are shown in Tables below.

TABLE 4 Rf Syn Structure  1 R1 

 2 R2 

 3 R3 

 4 R4 

 5 R5 

 6 R6 

 7 R7 

 8 R8 

 9 R9 

10 R10

11 R11

12 R12

TABLE 5 Rf Syn Structure 13 R13

14 R14

15 R15

16 R16

17 R17

18 R18

19 R19

20 R20

21 R21

22 R22

23 R23

24 R24

TABLE 6 Rf Syn Structure 25 R25

26 R26

27 R27

28 R28

29 R29

30 R30

31 R31

32 R32

33 R33

34 R34

35 R35

36 R36

TABLE 7 Rf Syn Structure 37 R37

38 R38

39 R39

40 R40

41 R41

42 R42

43 R43

44 R44

45 R45

46 R46

47 R47

48 R48

TABLE 8 Rf Syn Structure 49 R49

50 R50

51 R51

52 R52

53 R53

54 R54

55 R35

56 R30

57 R3 

58 R3 

59 R5 

60 R5 

61 R5 

62 R5 

TABLE 9 Rf Syn Structure 63 R5 

64 R5 

65 R5 

66 R5 

67 R5 

68 R5 

69 R5 

70 R5 

71 R7 

72 R11

73 R12

74 R21

TABLE 10 Rf Syn Structure 75 R30

76 R25

77 R26

78 R26

79 R26

80 R29

81 R29

82 R33

83 R35

84 R35

85 R35

86 R35

87 R35

88 R35

TABLE 11 Rf Syn Structure  90 R35

 91 R35

 92 R35

 93 R93

 94 R36

 95 R39

 96 R39

 97 R41

 98 R42

 99 R42

100 R42

101 R42

TABLE 12 Rf Syn Structure 102 R42 

103 R42 

104 R42 

105 R42 

106 R106

107 R106

108 R106

109 R106

110 R106

111 R106

TABLE 13 Rf Syn Structure 112 R106

113 R106

114 R106

115 R106

116 R106

117 R106

118 R49

119 R50

120 R50

121 R50

TABLE 14 Rf Syn Structure 122 R50

123 R34

124 R4 

125 R28

126 R7 

127 R42

 89 R35

128 R5 

129 R5 

130 R5 

131 R5 

132 R5 

TABLE 15 Rf Syn Structure 133 R5

134 R5

135 R5

136 R5

137 R5

138 R5

139 R5

140 R5

141 R5

142 R5

TABLE 16 Rf Syn Structure 143 R5

144 R5

145 R5

146 R5

147 R5

148 R5

149 R5

150 R5

151 R5

152 R5

TABLE 17 Rf Syn Structure 153 R5

154 R5

155 R5

156 R5

157 R5

158 R5

159 R5

160 R5

161 R5

162 R5

163 R5

164 R5

TABLE 18 Rf Syn Structure 165 R42

166 R42

167 R42

168 R42

169 R42

170 R42

171 R42

172 R42

173 R42

174 R42

TABLE 19 Rf Syn Structure 175 R42

176 R42

177 R42

178 R42

179 R42

180 R42

181 R42

182 R42

183 R42

184 R26

185 R26

186 R26

TABLE 20 Rf Syn Structure 187 R26

188 R26

189 R26

190 R26

191 R26

192 R26

193 R26

194 R26

195 R26

196 R26

197 R26

198 R26

TABLE 21 Rf Syn Structure 199 R44

200 R44

201 R44

202 R44

203 R44

204 R44

205 R44

206 R44

207 R44

208 R44

209 R44

210 R44

TABLE 22 Rf Syn Structure 211 R44

212 R44

213 R44

214 R44

215 R44

216  R216

217 R39

218 R39

219  R219

220 R4 

222 R5 

223 R5 

TABLE 23 Rf Syn Structure 224 R5

225 R5

226 R5

227 R5

228 R5

229 R5

230 R5

231 R5

232 R5

233 R5

TABLE 24 Rf Syn Structure 234 R5

235 R5

236 R5

237 R5

238 R5

239 R5

240 R5

241 R5

242 R5

243 R5

TABLE 25 Rf Syn Structure 244 R5

245 R5

246 R5

247 R5

248 R5

249 R5

250 R5

251 R5

252 R5

253 R5

TABLE 26 Rf Syn Structure 254 R5

255 R5

256 R5

257 R5

258 R5

259 R5

260 R5

261 R5

262 R5

263 R5

264 R5

265 R5

TABLE 27 Rf Syn Structure 266 R5

267 R5

268 R5

269 R5

270 R5

271 R5

272 R5

273 R5

274 R5

275 R5

TABLE 28  Rf  Syn Structure 276 R5

277 R5

278 R5

279 R5

280 R5

281 R5

282 R4

283 R5

221 R4

284 R5

285 R5

286 R5

287 R5

288 R6

TABLE 29 Rf Syn Structure 289 R6 

290 R6 

291 R8 

293 R8 

294 R9 

295 R9 

296 R9 

297 R10

298 R12

299 R12

300 R13

301 R20

TABLE 30 Rf Syn Structure 302 R20

303 R26

304 R26

305 R28

306 R28

307 R28

308 R30

309 R30

310 R30

311 R30

312 R30

313 R30

314 R33

315 R34

316 R34

317 R34

318 R34

319 R39

TABLE 31  Rf  Syn Structure 320 R39

321 R39

322 R39

323 R39

324 R39

325 R39

326 R39

327 R39

328 R39

329 R39

330 R39

331 R39

332 R39

333 R39

334 R39

335 R39

336 R39

337 R39

338 R39

339 R39

TABLE 32 Rf Syn Structure 340 R39

341 R39

292 R8 

342 R39

343 R39

344 R39

345 R39

346 R39

347 R39

348 R39

349 R40

350 R40

351 R44

352 R44

353 R44

354 R44

TABLE 33  Rf  Syn Structure 355 R44

356 R44

357 R44

358 R44

359 R44

360 R44

361 R44

362 R44

363 R44

364 R44

TABLE 34  Rf  Syn Structure 365 R44

366 R44

367 R44

368 R44

369 R44

370 R44

371 R44

372 R44

374 R44

375 R44

376 R44

377 R44

TABLE 35 Rf Syn Structure 378 R44

379 R44

380 R44

381 R44

382 R44

383 R44

384 R44

385 R44

386 R44

387 R44

TABLE 36 Rf Syn Structure 388 R44

389 R44

390 R44

391 R44

392 R44

393 R44

394 R44

395 R44

396 R44

397 R44

398 R49

399 R53

400  R400

401  R401

TABLE 37  Rf  Syn Structure 402 R402

403 R403

404 R405

405 R405

406 R405

407 R408

408 R408

409 R408

373 R44

410 R408

411 R411

412 R411

413 R411

414 R411

415 R411

416 R411

TABLE 38  Rf  Syn Structure 417 R411

418 R411

419 R411

420 R420

421 R421

422 R421

423 R421

424 R424

425 R425

426 R425

427 R425

428 R425

429 R429

430 R430

TABLE 39 Rf Syn Structure 431 R431

432 R432

433 R432

434 R432

435 R432

436 R437

437 R437

438 R437

439 R437

440 R440

441 R440

442 R440

443 R443

444 R443

445 R445

446 R445

TABLE 40  Rf  Syn Structure 447 R447

448 R448

449 R449

450 R450

451 R451

452 R452

453 R453

454 R454

455 R455

456 R456

TABLE 41 Rf Data 1 [ESI+]: 211 2 [ESI+]: 527 3 [ESI+]: 209 4 [EI+]: 376 5 [FAB+]: 441 6 [ESI+]: 157 7 [EI+]: 184 8 [ESI+]: 194 9 [ESI+]: 225 10 [ESI+]: 655 11 [EI+]: 236 12 [ESI+]: 251 13 [ESI+]: 508 14 [EI+]: 308 15 [ESI+]: 527 16 [ESI+]: 239 17 [FAB+]: 511 18 [ESI+]: 439 19 [ESI+]: 149 20 [ESI+]: 175 21 [ESI+]: 233 22 [ESI+]: 250 23 [EI+]: 249, 251 24 [ESI+]: 328, 330, 332 25 [ESI+]: 206, 208 26 [FAB+]: 305 27 [ESI+]: 289 28 [ESI+]: 405 29 [ESI+]: 627 30 [ESI+]: 383 31 [ESI+]: 466 32 [ESI+]: 541 33 [EI+]: 199

TABLE 42 Rf Data 34 [ESI+]: 483 35 [ESI+]: 167 36 [FAB+]: 274 37 [EI+]: 226 38 [ESI+]: 513 39 [FAB+]: 319 40 [ESI+]: 255 41 [ESI+]: 299 42 [ESI+]: 483 43 [ESI+]: 583 44 [ESI+]: 497 45 [EI+]: 266 46 [ESI+]: 211 47 [FAB+]: 483 48 NMR-CDCl₃: 3.82 (3H, s), 3.84 (3H, s), 6.50 (1H, s), 6.57 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz). 49 [ESI−]: 199 50 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.73 (3H, s), 4.81 (2H, s), 7.24-7.36 (5H, m), 7.81 (2H, br) 51 [ESI+]: 273 52 [ESI+]: 239 53 [ESI+]: 225 54 [ESI+]: 254 55 [ESI+]: 483 56 [ESI+]: 383 57 [ESI+]: 223 58 [EI+]: 294 59 [FAB+]: 469 60 [ESI+]: 533, 535 61 [ESI+]: 489, 491 62 [FAB+]: 481 63 [ESI+]: 480 64 [ESI+]: 599 65 [ESI+]: 499

TABLE 43 Rf Data 66 [FAB+]: 454 67 [ESI+]: 439 68 [ESI+]: 438 69 [FAB+]: 437 70 [ESI+]: 481 71 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.76-3.86 (2H, m), 3.76-3.86 (2H, m), 3.93-4.02 (2H, m), 5.20-5.37 (1H, m), 7.07 (2H, brs) 72 [ESI+]: 509 73 [ESI+]: 509 74 [ESI+]: 533 75 [ESI+]: 397 76 [FAB+]: 285, 287 77 [ESI+]: 383, 385 78 [ESI+]: 339 79 [ESI+]: 305 80 [ESI+]: 281 81 [ESI+]: 267 82 [APCI+]: 186 83 [ESI+]: 225 84 [EI+]: 182 85 [ESI+]: 173 86 [ESI+]: 201 87 [ESI+]: 227 88 [ESI+]: 241 89 [ESI+]: 311 90 [FAB+]: 283 91 [FAB+]: 413 92 93 [ESI+]: 717 94 [FAB+]: 260 95 [ESI+]: 290 96 [ESI+]: 289 97 [ESI−]: 285

TABLE 44 Rf Data 98 [ESI+]: 561, 563 99 [FAB+]: 517 100 [FAB+]: 468 101 [FAB+]: 467 102 [ESI+]: 451 103 [ESI+]: 547, 549 104 [ESI+]: 483 105 [ESI+]: 467 106 [ESI+]: 427 107 [ESI+]: 441 108 [ESI+]: 455 109 [ESI+]: 489 110 [ESI+]: 505 111 [ESI+]: 517 112 [ESI+]: 414 113 [ESI+]: 471 114 [ESI+]: 453 115 [ESI+]: 469 116 [ESI+]: 469 117 [ESI+]: 470 118 [ESI+]: 184 119 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.71 (3H, s), 3.74 (3H, s), 7.18 (2H, br) 120 NMR-CDCl₃: 3.39 (3H, s), 3.56 (2H, t, J = 5.2 Hz), 3.88 (3H, s), 4.00 (2H, t, J = 5.2 Hz), 5.49 (2H, br) 121 NMR-CDCl₃: 2.30-2.41 (1H, m), 2.71-2.83 (1H, m), 3.86-3.94 (4H, m), 4.29 (1H, dd, J = 9.0 Hz, 15.0 Hz), 4.67 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 4.91-5.00 (1H, m), 5.71 (2H, br) 122 [ESI−]: 193 123 [ESI+]: 497 124 [ESI+]: 391 125 [ESI+]: 419 126 [EI+] 290 127 [ESI+]: 497 128 [ESI+]: 495, 497

TABLE 45 Rf Data 129 [ESI+]: 459 130 [FAB+]: 491 131 [FAB+]: 473 132 [FAB+]: 491 133 [FAB+]: 491 134 [FAB+]: 473 135 [ESI+]: 507, 509 136 [FAB+]: 480 137 [ESI+]: 487 138 [ESI+]: 469 139 [FAB+]: 469 140 [ESI+]: 481 141 [ESI+]: 467 142 [FAB+]: 481 143 [FAB+]: 481 144 [ESI+]: 465 145 146 [ESI+]: 469 147 [ESI+]: 461 148 [FAB+]: 488 149 [ESI+]: 491 150 [ESI+]: 475 151 [FAB+]: 487 152 [ESI+]: 485, 487 153 [ESI+]: 475 154 [ESI+]: 459 155 [FAB+]: 483 156 [FAB+]: 455 157 [FAB+]: 505 158 [ESI+]: 495 159 [ESI+]: 489, 491 160 [FAB+]: 567 161 [FAB+]: 499

TABLE 46 Rf Data 162 [FAB+]: 509 163 [FAB+]: 503 164 165 [ESI+]: 523, 525 166 [FAB+]: 487 167 [FAB+]: 519 168 [FAB+]: 501 169 [ESI+]: 519 170 [ESI+]: 519 171 [ESI+]: 501 172 173 [FAB+]: 508 174 [ESI+]: 515 175 [ESI+]: 497 176 177 178 [ESI+]: 516 179 180 181 [ESI+]: 515 182 [FAB+]: 503 183 [FAB+]: 483 184 [ESI+]: 345 185 [EI+] 308 186 [EI+] 340 187 [CI+]: 323 188 [FAB+]: 341 189 [ESI+]: 341 190 [ESI+]: 323 191 192 [CI+]: 330 193 [ESI+]: 337 194

TABLE 47 Rf Data 195 196 197 198 [ESI+]: 339, 341 199 200 NMR-CDCl₃: 1.41 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.60 (2H, brs), 1.91 (2H, br), 2.44 (2H, br), 3.44 (2H, br), 3.81 (6H, s), 4.44 (2H, q, J = 7.1 Hz), 5.02 (1H, br), 5.51 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 12 Hz), 6.22 (1H, d, J = 18 Hz), 6.55 (2H, brs), 6.84-7.03 (2H, m), 7.08-7.25 (3H, m), 8.19 (1H, s). 201 [ESI+]: 509 202 [FAB+]: 547 203 204 [FAB+]: 537 205 [ESI+]: 517, 519 206 [ESI+]: 487 207 [ESI+]: 511 208 [ESI+]: 533 209 [ESI+]: 523 210 [ESI+]: 517, 519 211 [ESI+]: 595 212 [ESI+]: 527 213 [ESI+]: 537, 539 214 [ESI+]: 531, 533 215 216 [ESI+]: 511 217 [ESI+]: 338 218 [ESI+]: 337 219 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.88 (2H, br), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.41-2.60 (2H, m), 3.34-3.42 (2H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.96 (2H, br), 6.61 (2H, br), 7.01-7.16 (5H, m), 7.61-7.66 (2H, m), 8.23 (1H, s). [FAB+]: 454 220 [ESI+]: 391 221 [ESI+]: 433, 435 (M + 23) 222 [ESI+]: 465

TABLE 48 Rf Data 223 [ESI+]: 466 224 [ESI+]: 495 225 [ESI+]: 385 (M + 23) 226 [ESI+]: 469 227 [ESI−]: 357 228 [ESI+]: 483 229 [ESI+]: 505, 507 230 [ESI+]: 485 231 [ESI+]: 195 232 [ESI+]: 194 233 [ESI+]: 483 234 [ESI+]: 479 235 [ESI−]: 379 236 [FAB−]: 313 237 [ESI+]: 483 238 [ESI+]: 480 239 [ESI+]: 506, 508 240 [ESI+]: 484 241 [ESI+]: 500 242 [ESI+]: 483 243 [ESI+]: 491 244 [ESI+]: 586 245 [ESI+]: 472 246 [ESI+]: 470 247 [ESI+]: 211 248 [ESI+]: 516 249 [ESI+]: 490, 492 250 [ESI+]: 456 251 [ESI+]: 603 252 [ESI+]: 552 253 [ESI+]: 494 254 [ESI+]: 603 255 [ESI+]: 585

TABLE 49 Rf Data 256 [ESI+]: 434 257 [ESI+]: 484 258 [ESI+]: 498 259 [ESI+]: 591 260 [ESI+]: 498 261 [ESI+]: 600 262 [ESI+]: 471 263 [ESI+]: 544, 546 264 [ESI+]: 500, 502 265 [ESI+]: 522 266 [APCI+]: 476 267 [ESI+]: 471 268 [ESI+]: 472 269 [ESI+]: 455 270 [ESI+]: 506 271 [ESI+]: 490 272 [ESI+]: 506 273 [ESI+]: 492 274 [ESI+]: 603 275 [ESI+]: 609 276 [FAB−]: 601 277 [ESI+]: 483 278 [ESI+]: 484 279 [ESI+]: 506 280 [FAB+]: 649, 651 281 [ESI+]: 599 282 [ESI+]: 433, 435 (M + 23) 283 [ESI−]: 343 284 [FAB−]: 311 285 [FAB−]: 312 286 [FAB−]: 312 287 [ESI+]: 353 (M + 23)

TABLE 50 Rf Data 288 NMR-CDCl₃: 1.24 (2H, m), 1.65 (2H, m), 3.37 (3H, s), 4.43 (2H, s), 7.26 (2H, m), 7.32 (2H, m). 289 [ESI+]: 157 290 [APCI]: 155 291 [ESI+]: 194 292 [ESI+]: 211 293 [ESI+]: 194 294 [ESI+]: 561 295 [ESI+]: 576 296 [ESI+]: 590 297 NMR-CDCl₃: 1.08 (2H, m), 1.36 (9H, s), 1.52 (2H, m), 7.19 (2H, m), 7.41 (2H, m). 298 [ESI+]: 534 299 [ESI+]: 534 300 [APCI+]: 504 301 [APCI+]: 175 302 [ESI+]: 192 303 [ESI+]: 383, 385 304 [ESI+]: 339 305 [ESI+]: 510, 512 (M + 23) 306 [ESI+]: 461, 463 (M + 23) 307 [ESI+]: 437 308 [ESI+]: 397 309 [ESI+]: 417, 419 310 [ESI+]: 368 311 [ESI+]: 369 312 [ESI+]: 415 313 [ESI+]: 388, 390 314 [EI]: 199 315 [APCI−]: 466 316 [ESI+]: 539, 541 (M + 23) 317 [ESI+]: 515 318 [ESI+]: 469 319 [ESI+]: 349

TABLE 51 Rf Data 320 [ESI+]: 353, 355 321 [ESI+]: 323 322 [ESI+]: 337 323 324 [ESI+]: 339 325 [ESI+]: 337 326 [ESI+]: 333 327 [ESI+]: 337 328 [ESI+]: 337 329 [ESI+]: 333 330 [ESI+]: 359, 361 331 [ESI+]: 353 332 [ESI+]: 337 333 [ESI+]: 345 334 [ESI+]: 369 335 [ESI+]: 343, 345 336 [ESI+]: 309 337 [ESI+]: 337 338 [ESI+]: 405 339 [ESI+]: 347 340 [ESI+]: 337 341 [ESI+]: 288 342 [ESI+]: 351 343 [ESI+]: 351 344 [ESI+]: 325 345 [ESI+]: 397, 399 346 [ESI+]: 375 347 NMR-CDCl₃: 1.41 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.58 (1H, br), 1.84 (2H, m), 3.49 (1H, s), 4.05 (2H, s), 4.41 (2H, q, J = 7.1 Hz), 6.93 (1H, d, J = 4.3 Hz), 7.25 (2H, m). 348 [ESI+]: 359 349 [ESI−]: 255 350 [EI]: 254 351 [ESI+]: 494

TABLE 52 Rf Data 352 [ESI+]: 523 353 [ESI+]: 497 354 [ESI+]: 498 355 [ESI+]: 511 356 [ESI+]: 533, 535 357 [ESI+]: 512 358 [ESI+]: 511 359 [ESI+]: 507 360 [ESI+]: 511 361 [ESI+]: 512 362 [ESI+]: 508 363 [ESI+]: 534, 536 364 [ESI+]: 512 365 [ESI+]: 528 366 [ESI+]: 511 367 [ESI+]: 613 368 [ESI+]: 519 369 [ESI+]: 614 370 [ESI+]: 500 371 [ESI+]: 544 372 [ESI+]: 518 373 [ESI+]: 484 374 [ESI+]: 631 375 [ESI+]: 512 376 [ESI+]: 580 377 [ESI+]: 522 378 [ESI+]: 631 379 [ESI+]: 462 380 [ESI+]: 526 381 [ESI+]: 619 382 [ESI+]: 526 383 [ESI+]: 499 384 [ESI+]: 628

TABLE 53 Rf Data 385 [ESI+]: 572, 574 386 [ESI+]: 528, 530 387 [ESI+]: 550 388 [ESI+]: 499 389 [ESI+]: 500 390 [ESI+]: 483 391 [ESI+]: 631 392 [ESI+]: 637 393 [ESI+]: 631 394 [ESI+]: 511 395 [ESI+]: 534 396 [ESI+]: 701, 699 (M + 23) 397 [ESI+]: 557, 559 398 [ESI−]: 199 399 [ESI+]: 225 400 NMR-CDCl₃: 1.15 (2H, m), 1.36 (9H, s), 1.58 (2H, m), 7.49 (2H, m), 7.81 (2H, m), 9.99 (1H, s). 401 NMR-CDCl₃: 1.10 (2H, m), 1.36 (9H, s), 1.52 (2H, m), 2.04 (1H, br), 4.67 (2H, d, J = 5.6 Hz), 7.28-7.34 (4H, m). 402 NMR-CDCl₃: 1.10 (2H, m), 1.36 (9H, s), 1.51 (2H, m), 3.37 (3H, s), 4.43 (2H, s), 7.25 (2H, m), 7.31 (2H, m). 403 [ESI+]: 209 404 [ESI+]: 364 (M + 23) 405 [ESI+]: 187 406 [ESI+]: 205 407 [ESI+]: 265 (M + 23) 408 [ESI+]: 283 (M + 23) 409 [ESI+]: 279 (M + 23) 410 [ESI+]: 301 (M + 23) 411 [ESI+]: 413 (M + 23) 412 [ESI+]: 409 (M + 23) 413 [ESI+]: 431 (M + 23) 414 [ESI+]: 365 (M + 23) 415 [ESI+]: 395 (M + 23)

TABLE 54 Rf Data 416 NMR-CDCl₃: −0.01 (9H, s), 0.87-0.92 (2H, m), 1.21 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 3.54-3.73 (2H, m), 3.80 (3H, s), 4.11-4.25 (2H, m), 4.68-4.78 (2H, m), 5.11 (1H, s), 6.88 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.36 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz). 417 ESI+: 439 (M + 23) 418 [ESI+]: 342 419 [ESI+]: 497 420 [ESI+]: 183 421 [ESI−]: 615 422 [ESI+]: 613 423 [ESI+]: 620, 622 424 [ESI−]: 205 425 [ESI+]: 245 (M + 23) 426 [ESI+]: 244 (M + 23) 427 [ESI+]: 239 428 NMR-CDCl₃: 1.42 (3H, t, J = 7.2 Hz), 3.86 (1H, s), 4.43 (2H, q, J = 7.2 Hz), 6.96-6.99 (2H, m), 7.99-8.02 (2H, m). 429 [ESI+]: 235 (M + 23) 430 NMR-CDCl₃: 0.10 (6H, s), 0.91 (9H, s), 2.92 (3H, s), 3.39 (2H, t, J = 4.8 Hz), 3.80 (2H, t, J = 4.8 Hz), 4.72 (2H, br). 431 [FAB−]: 325 432 [CI+]: 314 433 [ESI+]: 296 434 [ESI+]: 318 435 [ESI+]: 292 436 [ESI+]: 627 437 EI: 315 438 [ESI+]: 298 439 [ESI+]: 322 440 [ESI+]: 186 441 [ESI+]: 168 442 [ESI+]: 192 443 [ESI−]: 195 444 [ESI+]: 184 445 [ESI+]: 219 (M + 23)

TABLE 55 Rf Data 446 [ESI−]: 199 447 [EI]: 224 448 [FAB−]: 325 449 [ESI+]: 212 450 [ESI+]: 590 451 [ESI+]: 504 452 [ESI+]: 520 453 [ESI+]: 381 (M + 23) 454 [ESI+]: 625 455 [ESI+]: 409 456 [ESI+]: 283

Example 1

N-[(Dimethylamino)sulfonyl]-2-{[(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (100 mg), 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (50 mg), triethylamine (0.15 mL), and HATU (120 mg) were added to acetonitrile (3.5 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and to the obtained residue were added water and 1 M hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with CHCl₃. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=1:3) to prepare N-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]-2-{[{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclobutyl]carbonyl}(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (47 mg).

Example 2

To a mixture of N-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]-2-{[(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (10.5 mg), 3,5-diethoxybenzoic acid (6.3 mg), triethylamine (10.4 μL), and DMF (0.50 mL) was added a HATU (11.4 mg)/DMF (0.10 mL) solution at room temperature, followed by stirring overnight. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of purified water, followed by extraction with CHCl₃. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (MeOH/0.1% aqueous formic acid solution) to prepare 2-{[(3,5-diethoxybenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (9.2 mg).

Example 3

N-({[(2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)carbonyl]amino}sulfonyl)-N-methylglycine (0.19 g) was prepared from methyl N-({[(2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)carbonyl]amino}sulfonyl)-N-methylglycinate (0.22 g) in the same manner as the method of Preparation Example 5.

Example 4

5-(Difluoromethyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (40 mg) was prepared from ethyl 5-(difluoromethyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (60 mg) in the same manner as in Preparation Example 5.

Subsequently, 5-(difluoromethyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid and CDI (19 mg) was added to anhydrous THF (2 mL), followed by stirring at 80° C. for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture were added sulfamide (23 mg) and DBU (24 mg) under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 3 hours. The reaction mixture was neutralized by the addition of an appropriate amount of ice water and 1 M hydrochloric acid, and then extracted with CHCl₃. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was solidified with diisopropyl ether to prepare N-(aminosulfonyl)-5-(difluoromethyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (29 mg).

Example 5

2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (50 mg) and 55% sodium hydride (7.2 mg) was added to THF (2 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for about 115 minutes. Thereafter, to the reaction mixture was added thiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride (30 mg) under ice-cooling, followed by further stirring at room temperature for about 15 hours. To the reaction mixture was added a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, followed by extraction with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=50:1) to prepare a colorless viscous substance (55 mg). The substance was crystallized from a small amount of diethyl ether to prepare 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (41 mg).

Example 6

(2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-4-{[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]carbamoyl}-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl acetate (95 mg) was added to a THF/EtOH (2:1) solution (1.5 mL), and subsequently, a 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.33 mL) was added dropwise thereto under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 20 minutes. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of a mixed solution of a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution/ice water, including 1 M hydrochloric acid (1.5 mL), followed by extraction with ethyl acetate twice. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare colorless syrup (84 mg). The syrup was crystallized from a small amount of ethyl acetate/hexane (1:1) solution and a diethyl ether/diisopropyl ether (1:1) solution, washed again, and collected by filtration to prepare 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (71 mg).

Example 7

2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (150 mg) and CDI (78 mg) was added to anhydrous THF (5 mL), followed by heating at 60° C. for about 1 hour. To the reaction mixture were added N,N-dimethylsulfamide (60 mg) and DBU (73 mg) under ice-cooling, respectively, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and neutralized by the addition of an appropriate amount of purified water and 1 M hydrochloric acid, and then extracted from chloroform. The obtained organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate=1:2) to obtain 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (111 mg) as a white solid.

Example 8

2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (130 mg), benzene sulfonamide (54 mg), DMAP (42 mg), and WSCD HCl (66 mg) were added to methylene chloride (5.2 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for about 3 days. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of CHCl₃ and 0.2 M hydrochloric acid, followed by performing liquid-separation. The organic layer was washed and dried, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=50:1) to prepare a white foam. This product was crystallized from ethyl acetate/diethyl ether solution to prepare 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-(phenylsulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (140 mg).

Example 9

N-(Aminosulfonyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (390 mg) was added to THF (10 mL), followed by cooling to around 0° C. in an ice bath, and subsequently, 55% sodium hydride (38 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. again, and methyl iodide (228 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture were added ice water and hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by (CHCl₃:MeOH=20:1) to prepare N-(aminosulfonyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (181 mg).

Example 10

2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-{[(2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino]sulfonyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (150 mg), pyridine (0.1 mL), DMAP (31 mg), and acetyl chloride (100 mg) were sequentially added to methylene chloride (10 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for about 3 hours. To the reaction mixture was added a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, followed by extraction with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate), and then solidified with diisopropyl ether to prepare ethyl 2-[({[(2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)carbonyl]amino}sulfonyl)(methyl)amino]acetate (94 mg).

Example 11

N-[(3-{[tert-Butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}pyrrolidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (580 mg) was added to THF (10 mL), and subsequently, a 1 M TBAF/THF solution (2.02 mL) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was neutralized by the addition of an appropriate amount of 1 M hydrochloric acid, and then extracted with CHCl₃ several times. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=20:1) to obtain 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-[(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (383 mg) as a white solid.

Example 12

Methyl allyl({[(2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)carbonyl]amino}sulfonyl)carbamate (66 mg), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (20 mg), and 1,3-pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (50 mg) were added to methylene chloride (5 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was acidified by the addition of 1 M hydrochloric acid, and then extracted with CHCl₃ several times. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃). The isolated purified product thus obtained was solidified with a hexane/ethyl acetate (2:1) solution to prepare methyl({[(2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)carbonyl]amino}sulfonyl)carbamate (36 mg).

Example 13

tert-Butyl 4-({[(2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)carbonyl]amino}sulfonyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (235 mg) and a 4 M hydrochloric acid/dioxane solution (5 mL) were added to dioxane (5 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to prepare 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-(piperazin-1-ylsulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (205 mg).

Example 14

2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N4 {[(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}sulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (260 mg) was added to THF/purified water (10:1) (2.2 mL), and subsequently trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL) was added dropwise thereto under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added ice water (20 to 30 g), followed by extraction with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate twice. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=40:1) to prepare a white foam (210 mg). The obtained white foam was crystallized from a small amount of a hexane/ethyl acetate (1:3) solution, and collected by filtration while diluting and washing with diethyl ether to prepare N-{[(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)(methyl)amino]sulfonyl}-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (195 mg) as a white powder.

Example 15

Benzyl N-({[(2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)carbonyl]amino}sulfonyl)-N-(2-fluoroethyl)glycinate (1.22 g) and 10% palladium/carbon (50% wet) (240 mg) were added to acetic acid (35 mL), followed by stirring at a normal temperature/a normal pressure overnight. The catalyst was filtered through Celite, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. To the obtained residue was added an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate/toluene solution, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained orange-white foam was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH-40:1) to obtain a white foam (0.53 g). The obtained white foam was crystallized from a warmed ethyl acetate/hexane (1:1) solution (about 10 mL) to prepare N-({[(2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)carbonyl]amino}sulfonyl)-N-(2-fluoroethyl)glycine (0.4 g).

Example 16

2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-(piperazin-1-ylsulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (115 mg) was added to acetonitrile (5 mL), and subsequently, triethylamine (0.13 mL) and acetyl chloride (15 mg) were added thereto under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was adjusted to be weakly acidic by the addition of an appropriate amount of purified water and 1 M hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=20:1). The isolated product thus obtained was solidified with diisopropyl ether to prepare N-[(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (116 mg).

Example 17

N-[(2-Acetylhydrazino)sulfonyl]-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (34 mg) was prepared from tert-butyl 2-({[(2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)carbonyl]amino}sulfonyl)hydrazinecarboxylate (60 mg) by carrying out the same methods as in Example 13 and Example 16, successively.

Example 18

N-({[(2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)carbonyl]amino}sulfonyl)-N-methylglycine (140 mg), HOBT (38 mg), and WSCD HCl (53 mg) were added to DMF (2 mL), and a 7 M aqueous ammonia/MeOH solution (0.12 mL) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 13 hours. To the reaction mixture was added 0.2 to 0.3 M aqueous hydrochloric acid (20 to 30 mL), followed by extraction with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate twice. The organic layer was sequentially washed with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and brine, and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=30:1) to prepare colorless oily substance. The obtained oily substance was crystallized from a small amount of ethyl acetate/hexane (2:1) solution, and collected by filtration while diluting and washing with diethyl ether to prepare N-{[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)(methyl)amino]sulfonyl}-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (30 mg).

Example 19

2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-({methyl[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]amino}sulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (90 mg) was added to methylene chloride (3 mL), and subsequently, 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (37 mg) was added thereto while sufficiently cooling in an MeOH/ice bath, followed by stirring for about 40 minutes under cooling. To the reaction mixture was added an aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, followed by extraction with an appropriate amount of CHCl₃. The organic layer was sequentially washed with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and brine, and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=1:2) to prepare 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-({methyl [2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]amino}sulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (71 mg).

Example 20

2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-({methyl[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]amino}sulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (100 mg) and 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (93 mg) were added to methylene chloride (3 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for about 3.5 hours. To the reaction mixture was added an aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, followed by extraction with an appropriate amount of CHCl₃. The organic layer was sequentially washed with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and brine, and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=100:1) to prepare 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-({methyl [2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}sulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (86 mg).

Example 21

2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-[(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (108 mg) and (1,1,1-triacetoxy)-1,1-dihydro-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one (91 mg) were added to methylene chloride (5 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture was added (1,1,1-triacetoxy)-1,1-dihydro-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one (100 mg), followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of purified water, followed by extraction with CHCl₃. The organic layer was sequentially washed with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and brine, and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=30:1) to prepare 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-[(3-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (117 mg).

Example 22

N-({[(2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)carbonyl]amino}sulfonyl)-N-(2-fluoroethyl)glycine (160 mg) and 4-methylmorpholine (27 mg) were added to THF (2.5 mL), followed by cooling to −15 to −10° C. in an MeOH/ice bath under an argon atmosphere. To this mixture was added dropwise isobutyl chloroformate (36 mg), followed by stirring at −15 to −10° C. for about 5 minutes. Further, an aqueous solution (30 to 40 μL) of sodium borohydride (29 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at −15 to −10° C. for 15 minutes. To the reaction mixture was slowly added an appropriate amount of cooled 0.3 to 0.4 M hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=100:1) to prepare colorless oily substance (0.14 g). The obtained colorless oily substance was crystallized from a small amount of an ethyl acetate/hexane (3:2) solution that had been warmed, and the solid was collected by filtration while washing with diethyl ether to prepare white solid 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-{[(2-fluoroethyl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]sulfonyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (0.11 g).

Example 23

2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (200 mg) and CDI (107 mg) were added to THF (10 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture were sequentially added N-(2-{[tert-butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl) sulfamide (224 mg) and DBU (134 mg), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture were added an appropriate amount of ice water and 1 M hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was dissolved in THF to give a solution (10 mL), and a 4 M hydrochloric acid/dioxane solution (5 mL) was added to the solution at 0° C., followed by stirring for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=20:1) to prepare purified product. This purified product was solidified with diisopropyl ether to prepare 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-{[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]sulfonyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (127 mg).

Example 24

2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (600 mg) and CDI (428 mg) were added to THF (20 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture were sequentially added N-{[tert-butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}sulfamide (747 mg) and DBU (502 mg), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture were added water and 1 M hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate) to prepare N-[({[tert-butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}amino)sulfonyl]-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (702 mg).

Subsequently, N-[({[tert-butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}amino)sulfonyl]-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (279 mg) was added to THF (10 mL), and subsequently, 55% sodium hydride (22 mg) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring for 10 minutes. Then, methyl iodide (0.12 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added diluted hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with CHCl₃. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄, and then the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was dissolved in THF (10 mL) to give a solution, a 4 M hydrochloric acid/dioxane solution (5 mL) was added to the solution at 0° C., followed by stirring at 0° C. for 1 hour, and the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=20:1), and the purified product was solidified with diisopropyl ether to prepare 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-[(hydroxyamino)sulfonyl]-N-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (106 mg).

Example 168

2-{[(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-sulfamoyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (100 mg) and acetyl chloride (0.3 mL) were added to acetic acid (3 mL), followed by stirring at about 100° C. for 30 minutes, and acetyl chloride (0.3 mL) was added thereto at the same temperature, followed by heating for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, and ice water was poured into the residue, followed by extraction with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=−35:1) to prepare N-(acetylsulfamoyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (77 mg).

Example 286

N-(Dimethylsulfamoyl)-5-methyl-2-{[(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (1:1) (150 mg), a Hunig's base (0.2 mL), (2-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl) {[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methoxy}acetic acid (150 mg), and HATU (160 mg) were sequentially added to acetonitrile (10 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, and to the residue were added an appropriate amount of purified water and 1 M hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with CHCl₃. The organic layer was dried and evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane to hexane:ethyl acetate=1:3) to obtain a colorless oily substance (240 mg). This oily substance was dissolved in dioxane (5 mL), and a 4 M hydrogen chloride/dioxane solution (5 mL) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃ to CHCl₃:MeOH=20:1), and the concentrate was solidified with a hexane-ethyl acetate (5:1) solution to prepare N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-({[(2-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetyl](3-phenylpropyl)amino}methyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (172 mg) as a white solid.

Example 296

2-[({[1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}[3-(2-thienyl)propyl]amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (150 mg) and CDI (80 mg) were added to THF (6 mL), followed by stirring at 70° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was left to be cooled, and then 3-sulfamoylpropylacetate (116 mg) and DBU (144 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (1% AcOH/CHCl₃ to 1% AcOH/CHCl₃:MeOH=20:1) to obtain a colorless oily substance. This oily substance was dissolved in a THF/EtOH (1:1) solution (10 mL), and a 1 M aqueous NaOH solution (1 mL) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction liquid was evaporated under reduced pressure, adjusted to an acidic solution with an appropriate amount of purified water and 1 M hydrochloric acid, and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃ to CHCl₃:MeOH=20:1). The obtained concentrate was solidified with a hexane-ethyl acetate (2:1) solution to prepare N-[(3-hydroxypropyl)sulfonyl]-2-[({[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}[3-(2-thienyl)propyl]amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (105 mg) as a white solid.

Example 298

2-[([3-(5-Chloro-2-thienyl)propyl]{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (156 mg) and CDI (80 mg) were added to anhydrous THF (10 mL), followed by stirring at 50° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was left to be cooled, and then N,N-dimethylsulfamide (80 mg) and DBU (97 mg) were sequentially added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added an appropriate amount of diluted hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with chloroform, the aqueous layer was removed, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=20:1), and the obtained colorless oily substance was dissolved in ethyl acetate (5 mL). A 4 M hydrogen chloride/ethyl acetate (5 mL) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 30 minutes. The solvent was evaporated, and to the resulting residue was added an appropriate amount of diisopropyl ether, followed by further stirring. The resulting solid was collected by filtration to prepare 2-[([3-(5-chloro-2-thienyl)propyl]{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (140 mg) as a white solid.

Example 305

2-[([3-(1-Benzofuran-2-yl)propyl]{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (150 mg) and CDI (72 mg) were added to anhydrous THF (5 mL), followed by heating at about 60° C. for 1 hour under an argon gas atmosphere. To the ice-cooled reaction mixture were sequentially added N,N-dimethylsulfamide (74 mg) and DBU (54 mg), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 days. Ice water (about 10 g) including 1 M hydrochloric acid (0.5 mL) was poured into the reaction solution, followed by extraction with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate several times. The obtained organic layer was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃:MeOH=200:1) to obtain a colorless syrup (140 mg). This product was dissolved in ethanol (2.5 mL), and a 8 M aqueous potassium hydroxide solution (32 μL) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 1 hour. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration while diluting/washing with a small amount of ethanol:diethyl ether:diisopropyl ether(1:1:1) solution to prepare 1-({2-[([3-(1-benzo furan-2-yl)propyl]{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}carbonyl)-3,3-dimethyldiazathian-1-iodo-2,2-dioxide potassium salt (93 mg).

Example 308

N-(Dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-[([3-(3-fluorophenyl)propyl]{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (100 mg) was dissolved in methylene chloride (3 mL), followed by evaporation under reduced pressure, to give an amorphous substance. Ethanol (1 mL) including a 8 M aqueous potassium hydroxide solution (21 μL) was poured thereinto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 4 hours as it was. The resulting white precipitate was collected by filtration while washing with a cooled 90% aqueous EtOH solution (2 mL) to prepare 1-({2-[([3-(3-fluorophenyl)propyl]{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}carbonyl)-3,3-dimethyldiazathian-1-iodo-2,2-dioxide potassium salt (33 mg) as a white solid.

The compounds of Examples shown in Tables below were prepared using the respective corresponding starting materials in the same manner as the methods of Examples above. The structures, the preparation methods, and the physicochemical data for the compounds of Examples are shown in Tables below.

TABLE 56 Ex Syn Structure 1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

TABLE 57 Ex Syn Structure 6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10  10 

TABLE 58 Ex Syn Structure 11 11

12 12

13 13

14 14

15 15

TABLE 59 Ex Syn Structure 16 16

17 17

18 18

19 19

20 20

TABLE 60 Ex Syn Structure 21 21

22 22

23 23

24 24

25  1

TABLE 61 Ex Syn Structure 26 1

27 1

28 1

29 1

30 1

TABLE 62 Ex Syn Structure 31 1

32 2

33 2

34 2

35 2

TABLE 63 Ex Syn Structure 36 2

37 2

38 2

39 2

40 2

TABLE 64 Ex Syn Structure 41 2

42 2

43 2

44 2

45 2

TABLE 65 Ex Syn Structure 46 2

47 2

48 2

49 2

50 2

TABLE 66 Ex Syn Structure 51 2

52 2

53 2

54 2

55 2

TABLE 67 Ex Syn Structure 56 2

57 2

58 2

59 2

60 2

TABLE 68 Ex Syn Structure 61 2

62 4

63 4

64 4

65 5

TABLE 69 Ex Syn Structure 66 5

67 5

68 7

69 7

70 7

TABLE 70 Ex Syn Structure 71 7

72 7

73 7

74 7

75 7

TABLE 71 Ex Syn Structure 76 7

77 7

78 7

79 7

80 7

TABLE 72 Ex Syn Structure 81 7

82 7

83 7

84 7

85 7

TABLE 73 Ex Syn Structure 86 7

87 7

88 7

89 7

90 7

TABLE 74 Ex Syn Structure 91 7

92 7

93 7

94 7

95 7

TABLE 75 Ex Syn Structure 96 7

97 7

98 7

99 7

100  7

TABLE 76 Ex Syn Structure 101 7

102 7

103 7

104 7

105 7

TABLE 77 Ex Syn Structure 106 7

107 7

108 7

109 7

110 7

TABLE 78 Ex Syn Structure 111 7

112 7

113 7

114 7

115 7

TABLE 79 Ex Syn Structure 116 7

117 7

118 7

119 7

120 7

TABLE 80 Ex Syn Structure 121 7

122 7

123 7

124 7

125 7

TABLE 81 Ex Syn Structure 126 7

127 7

128 7

129 7

130 7

TABLE 82 Ex Syn Structure 131 7

132 7

133 7

134 7

135 7

TABLE 83 Ex Syn Structure 136 7

137 7

138 7

139 7

140 7

TABLE 84 Ex Syn Structure 141 7

142 7

143 7

144 7

145 7

TABLE 85 Ex Syn Structure 146 7

147 7

148 7

149 7

150 7

TABLE 86 Ex Syn Structure 151 7

152 7

153 7

154 7

155 7

TABLE 87 Ex Syn Structure 156 7

157 7

158 7

159 7

160 7

TABLE 88 Ex Syn Structure 161  7

162  7

163  7

164 10

165 11

TABLE 89 Ex Syn Structure 166  11

167  11

168 168

169  23

170  23

TABLE 90 Ex Syn Structure 171 23

172 23

173 23

174 23

175 23

TABLE 91 Ex Syn Structure 176 23

177 23

178 23

179  1

180  1

TABLE 92 Ex Syn Structure 181 1

182 1

183 1

184 1

185 1

TABLE 93 Ex Syn Structure 186 1

187 1

188 1

189 1

190 1

TABLE 94 Ex Syn Structure 191 1

192 1

193 7

194 7

195 7

TABLE 95 Ex Syn Structure 196 7

197 7

198 7

199 7

200 7

TABLE 96 Ex Syn Structure 201 7

202 7

203 7

204 7

205 7

TABLE 97 Ex Syn Structure 206 7

207 7

208 7

209 7

210 7

TABLE 98 Ex Syn Structure 211 7

212 7

213 7

214 7

215 7

TABLE 99 Ex Syn Structure 216 7

217 7

218 7

219 7

220 7

TABLE 100 Ex Syn Structure 221 7

222 7

223 7

224 7

225 7

TABLE 101 Ex Syn Structure 226 7

227 7

228 7

229 7

230 7

TABLE 102 Ex Syn Structure 231 7

232 7

233 7

234 7

235 7

TABLE 103 Ex Syn Structure 236 7

237 7

238 7

239 7

240 23 

TABLE 104 Ex Syn Structure 241 23

242 23

243 23

244 23

245 23

TABLE 105 Ex Syn Structure 246 23

247 23

248 23

249 23

250 23

TABLE 106 Ex Syn Structure 251 23

252 23

253 23

254 23

255 23

TABLE 107 Ex Syn Structure 256 23

257 23

258 23

259 23

260 23

TABLE 108 Ex Syn Structure 261 23

262 23

263 23

264 23

265 23

TABLE 109 Ex Syn Structure 266 23

267 23

268 23

269 23

270 23

TABLE 110 Ex Syn Structure 271 23

272 23

273 23

274 23

275 23

TABLE 111 Ex Syn Structure 276 23

277 23

278 23

279 23

280 23

TABLE 112 Ex Syn Structure 281 23

282 23

283 23

284 23

285 23

TABLE 113 Ex Syn Structure 286 286

287 286

288 286

289 286

290 286

TABLE 114 Ex Syn Structure 291 286

292 286

293 286

294 286

295 286

TABLE 115 Ex Syn Structure 296 296

297 296

298 298

299 298

300 298

TABLE 116 Ex Syn Structure 301 298

302 298

303 298

304 305

305 305

TABLE 117 Ex Syn Structure 306 308

307 308

308 308

TABLE 118 Ex Data 1 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.76-1.83 (2H, m), 2.49-2.57 (2H, m), 2.12-2.24 (4H, m), 2.62-2.71 (5H, m), 2.86 (6H, s), 2.95-2.99 (2H, m), 3.71-3.74 (3H, m), 4.39-4.64 (2H, m), 6.86-6.95 (4H, m), 7.14-7.25 (5H, m), 10.75 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 585 2 [ESI+]: 575 3 [EI+]: 604 4 [FAB+]: 583 5 [FAB+]: 600 6 [ESI+]: 591 7 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.87 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.30-2.50 (2H, m), 2.69 (3H, s), 2.87 (6H, s), 3.31-3.50 (2H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.60-4.90 (2H, m), 6.55-7.30 (7H, m), 10.90 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 575 8 [ESI+]: 594 9 [ESI+]: 547 10 [ESI+]: 632 11 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.80-2.05 (7H, m), 2.30-2.65 (2H, m), 3.16-3.60 (7H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.29 (1H, s), 4.70-5.20 (2H, m), 6.45-7.45 (7H, m), 8.55 (1H, s), 11.40 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 603 12 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.77-2.05 (5H, m), 2.30-2.62 (2H, m), 3.20-3.60 (5H, m), 3.74 (6H, s), 4.61-4.99 (2H, m), 6.48-6.80 (2H, m), 6.95-7.72 (6H, m), 7.95 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 591 13 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.81-2.03 (5H, m), 2.30-2.68 (2H, m), 3.15-3.60 (10H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.74-5.02 (2H, m), 6.51-6.76 (2H, m), 6.92-7.31 (5H, m), 8.61 (1H, s), 9.04-9.34 (2H, m), 11.94 (1H, brs). [ESI+]: 602 14 [EI+]: 620 15 [FAB+]: 637 16 [ESI+]: 644 17 [ESI+]: 590 18 [FAB+]: 604

TABLE 119 Ex Data 19 [FAB+]: 637 20 [FAB+]: 653 21 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.80-2.05 (5H, m), 2.30-2.70 (4H, m), 3.20-4.00 (12H, m), 4.71-5.03 (2H, m), 6.45-7.40 (7H, m), 8.62 (1H, s), 11.83 (1H, brs). [ESI+]: 601 22 [FAB+]: 623 23 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.87 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.31 (2H, br), 3.02 (2H, br), 3.38-3.53 (4H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.80-4.93 (2H, m), 6.59 (2H, br), 6.91-7.27 (5H, m), 7.72 (1H, s), 8.54 (1H, s), 11.5 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 577 24 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.87 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.42 (2H, br), 3.05 (3H, s), 3.39 (2H, br), 3.74 (6H, s), 4.92 (2H, br), 6.61 (2H, br), 7.02-7.18 (5H, m), 8.61 (1H, s), 10.4 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 563 25 [FAB+]: 603 26 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.45-1.53 (2H, m), 2.16-2.22 (2H, m), 2.69 (3H, s), 2.86 (6H, s), 3.30 (2H, br), 3.65-3.82 (6H, m), 4.75 (2H, s), 6.60-6.65 (2H, m), 6.97-7.46 (6H, m), 10.81 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 611 27 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.30-1.80 (2H, m), 2.34-2.40 (2H, m), 2.65-2.66 (3H, m), 2.86-2.87 (6H, m), 3.30-3.38 (2H, m), 3.74-3.76 (3H, m), 4.66-4.86 (2H, m), 5.50-5.58 (1H, m), 5.66-5.86 (1H, m), 6.70-6.85 (2H, m), 7.03-7.32 (6H, m), 10.81 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 579 28 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.40-1.80 (2H, m), 2.38-2.43 (2H, m), 2.64-2.65 (3H, m), 2.86-2.88 (6H, m), 3.30-3.42 (2H, m), 3.81-3.84 (3H, m), 4.64-4.89 (2H, m), 5.38-5.50 (1H, m), 5.76-5.97 (1H, m), 6.76-6.82 (1H, m), 7.07-7.28 (5H, m), 7.57-7.66 (1H, m), 8.11 (1H, s), 10.76 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 562 mp: 178-179° C. 29 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 0.99-1.80 (6H, m), 2.20-2.24 (2H, m), 2.66 (3H, s), 2.86 (6H, s), 3.35-3.39 (2H, m), 4.65-4.80 (2H, m), 6.70-6.72 (2H, m), 6.97-7.25 (7H, m), 9.36 (1H, s), 10.82 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 557

TABLE 120 Ex Data 30 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.04-1.74 (6H, m), 2.20-2.25 (2H, m), 2.67 (3H, s), 2.87 (6H, s), 3.32-3.38 (2H, m), 4.19 (2H, dt, J = 30.2 Hz, 3.5 Hz), 4.67-4.79 (4H, m), 6.91-7.23 (9H, m), 10.82 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 603 31 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.25-1.48 (6H, m), 2.18-2.22 (2H, m), 2.68 (3H, s), 2.87 (6H, s), 3.30-3.37 (2H, m), 3.76-3.80 (3H, m), 4.73-4.78 (2H, m), 6.92-7.36 (7H, m), 8.12-8.21 (1H, m), 10.85 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 572 mp: 125-126° C. 32 [ESI+]: 533 33 [ESI+]: 515 34 [ESI+]: 561 35 [ESI+]: 549 36 [ESI+]: 625, 627 37 [ESI+]: 567, 569 38 [ESI+]: 577 39 [ESI+]: 521 40 [ESI+]: 566, 568 41 [ESI+]: 549 42 [ESI+]: 579 43 [ESI+]: 563 44 [ESI+]: 556 45 [ESI+]: 555 46 [ESI+]: 572, 574 47 [ESI+]: 527 48 [ESI+]: 558 49 [ESI+]: 561 50 [ESI+]: 589 51 [ESI+]: 599 52 [ESI+]: 593 53 [ESI+]: 561 54 [ESI+]: 543 55 [ESI+]: 545 56 [ESI+]: 571

TABLE 121 Ex Data 57 [ESI+]: 598 58 [ESI+]: 621 59 [ESI+]: 607 60 [ESI+]: 573 61 [ESI+]: 587 62 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.80-2.03 (5H, m), 2.40-2.58 (2H, m), 3.41 (2H, br), 3.71-3.77 (6H, m), 4.55-4.82 (2H, m), 6.62-7.26 (7H, m), 7.71 (2H, br), 7.99 (1H, s), 12.12 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 533 mp: 173-175° C. 63 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.79-2.04 (5H, m), 2.34-2.62 (5H, m), 3.26-3.45 (2H, m), 3.69-3.80 (6H, m), 4.51-4.86 (2H, m), 6.57-7.31 (7H, m), 7.78 (1H, s), 8.00 (1H, s), 12.14 (1H, brs). [FAB+]: 547 64 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.80-2.04 (5H, m), 2.36-2.64 (2H, m), 3.29-3.49 (2H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.63-4.91 (2H, m), 6.59 (2H, s), 6.93 (1H, s), 7.00-7.30 (5H, m), 7.73 (2H, s), 12.27 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 517 65 [FAB+]: 629 66 [ESI+]: 598 67 [FAB+]: 613 68 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.82-1.92 (2H, br), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.32-2.45 (2H, m), 2.88 (6H, s), 3.30-3.48 (2H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.72-5.00 (2H, br), 6.54-6.74 (2H, br), 6.96-7.28 (5H, m), 8.57 (1H, s), 11.50 (1H, s) [ESI+]: 561 69 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.82-1.92 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.30-2.55 (2H, m), 3.30-3.50 (2H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.70-5.00 (2H, m), 6.52-6.72 (2H, m), 6.94-7.28 (5H, m), 7.57 (2H, s), 8.52 (1H, s), 11.36 (1H, s). [FAB+]: 533 mp: 147-150° C. 70 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.87 (2H, br), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.40 (2H, br), 2.54 (3H, d, J = 4.7 Hz), 3.3-3.45 (2H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.80-5.01 (2H, m), 6.55-6.80 (2H, m), 6.93-7.25 (5H, m), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 4.77), 8.56 (1H, s), 11.4 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 547

TABLE 122 Ex Data 71 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.06 (3H, t, J = 7.2), 1.87 (2H, br), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.41 (2H, br), 2.94-3.00 (2H, m), 3.40 (2H, br), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.92 (2H, br), 6.61 (2H, br), 6.91-7.37 (5H, m), 7.82 (1H, br), 8.55 (1H, s), 11.3 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 561 mp: 143-144° C. 72 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 0.82 (3H, t, J = 7.4), 1.42-1.51 (2H, m), 1.87 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.41 (2H, br), 2.89 (2H, m), 3.40 (2H, br), 3.74 (6H, s), 4.92 (2H, br), 6.62 (2H, br), 6.95-7.31 (5H, m), 7.82 (1H, br), 8.53 (1H, s), 11.3 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 575 73 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.05-1.11 (6H, m), 1.86 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.39 (2H, br), 3.31-3.41 (1H, m), 3.44-3.54 (2H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.80-4.92 (2H, m), 6.57-6.72 (2H, m), 6.99-7.20 (5H, m), 7.84 (1H, br), 8.54 (1H, s), 11.3 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 575 74 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.87 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.39 (2H, br), 3.08-3.15 (2H, m), 3.17 (3H, s), 3.36-3.45 (4H, m), 3.74 (6H, s), 4.80-4.95 (2H, m), 6.57-6.65 (2H, m), 7.00-7.17 (5H, m), 7.87 (1H, br), 8.54 (1H, s), 11.4 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 591 ( ) 75 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.64-1.72 (2H, m), 1.87 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.34 (2H, br), 2.95-2.99 (2H, m), 3.16 (3H, s), 3.27-3.42 (4H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.77-4.92 (2H, m), 6.61 (2H, br), 7.01-7.17 (5H, m), 7.86 (1H, br), 8.55 (1H, s), 11.4 (1H, s). [FAB+]: 605 76 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 0.53 (4H, m), 1.86 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.26-2.51 (3H, m), 3.23-3.50 (2H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.80-4.93 (2H, m), 6.59-6.72 (2H, m), 6.99-7.15 (5H, m), 8.22 (1H, br), 8.57 (1H, s), 11.5 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 573 77 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.50 (2H, m), 1.85-2.05 (9H, m), 2.38 (2H, br), 3.78 (2H, br), 3.75 (7H, br), 4.81-4.94 (2H, m), 6.58 (2H, br), 6.98-7.14 (5H, m), 8.26 (1H, br), 8.53 (1H, s), 11.4 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 587 78 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.85 (2H, br), 2.04 (3H, s), 2.37 (2H, br), 3.32 (2H, br), 3.74 (6H, s), 4.76-4.90 (2H, m), 6.57 (2H, br), 6.95-7.29 (11H, m), 8.48 (1H, s), 10.6 (1H, br), 12.0 (1H, s). [FAB+]: 609

TABLE 123 Ex Data 79 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.80-2.05 (5H, m), 2.30-2.65 (2H, m), 3.20-3.50 (2H, m), 3.74 (6H, s), 4.57-4.99 (2H, m), 6.40-7.55 (9H, m), 7.74-8.10 (2H, m), 8.47 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 610 80 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.88 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.41 (2H, br), 3.37 (2H, br), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.17 (2H, d, J = 5.7 Hz), 4.80-4.99 (2H, m), 6.55-6.78 (2H, m), 7.14-7.32 (11H, m), 8.47 (1H, s), 11.4 (1H, s). [FAB+]: 623 81 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.86 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.36 (2H, br), 3.14-3.19 (2H, m), 3.29 (2H, br), 3.50 (2H, m), 3.73 (6H, s), 4.43 (3H, s), 4.89 (2H, br), 6.60 (2H, br), 7.03-7.34 (10H, m), 7.89 (1H, br), 8.52 (1H, s), 11.4 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 667 82 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.79-1.83 (4H, m), 1.83 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.34 (2H, br), 3.31-3.43 (5H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.78-4.93 (2H, m), 6.59-6.70 (2H, m), 7.00-7.15 (5H, m), 8.57 (1H, s), 11.4 (1H, s). [FAB+]: 587 83 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.26 (3H, s), 1.70-2.10 (7H, m), 2.30-2.50 (2H, m), 3.20-3.80 (12H, m), 4.75-5.10 (3H, m), 6.55-7.30 (7H, m), 8.31 (1H, s), 11.36 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 617 84 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.37-1.50 (2H, m), 1.68-2.05 (7H, m), 2.30-2.75 (2H, m), 3.04-3.56 (10H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.70-5.00 (2H, m), 6.50-7.33 (7H, m), 8.52 (1H, s), 11.51 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 631 85 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.79-2.05 (5H, m), 2.30-2.75 (6H, m), 3.20-3.60 (6H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.70-5.00 (2H, m), 6.50-7.33 (7H, m), 8.51 (1H, s), 11.73 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 619 86 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.79-2.05 (5H, m), 2.30-2.70 (2H, m), 3.20-3.60 (6H, m), 3.75-3.80 (10H, m), 4.70-5.05 (2H, m), 6.45-7.40 (7H, m), 8.60 (1H, s), 12.00 (1H, brs). [ESI+]: 651 87 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.80-2.05 (5H, m), 2.30-2.75 (2H, m), 3.18-3.60 (6H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 3.90 (2H, s), 4.70-5.00 (2H, m), 6.50-7.33 (7H, m), 8.09 (1H, s), 8.58 (1H, s), 11.87 (1H, brs). [ESI+]: 616

TABLE 124 Ex Data 88 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.86 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.41 (2H, br), 3.20 (6H, s), 3.33-3.52 (10H, m), 3.74 (6H, s), 4.91 (2H, br), 6.59 (2H, br), 6.94-7.28 (5H, m), 8.53 (1H, s), 11.4 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 649 89 1.82-1.95 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.31-2.62 (2H, m), 3.30-3.60 (5H, m), 3.70-3.78 (9H, m), 4.91 (2H, br), 6.61 (2H, br), 6.95-7.27 (5H, m), 7.61 (1H, s), 8.64 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 605 mp: 135-137° C. 90 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.83-2.04 (5H, m), 2.30-2.67 (2H, m), 3.20-3.60 (2H, m), 3.71 (3H, s), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.81-5.00 (2H, m), 5.03 (2H, s), 6.54-6.76 (2H, m), 6.95-7.44 (10H, m), 8.63 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 681 91 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.81-2.03 (5H, m), 2.31-2.65 (2H, m), 3.20-3.60 (9H, m), 3.65-3.80 (9H, m), 4.70-5.00 (2H, m), 6.50-6.78 (2H, m), 6.91-7.31 (5H, m), 8.54 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 649 92 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.80-2.05 (5H, m), 2.20-2.70 (2H, m), 3.20-3.50 (4H, m), 3.62-3.80 (9H, m), 3.99-4.12 (2H, m), 4.36-4.55 (2H, m), 4.72-4.97 (3H, m), 6.51-6.74 (2H, m), 6.92-7.29 (5H, m), 8.46 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 661 93 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.87 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.29-2.65 (2H, m), 3.20-3.50 (2H, m), 3.67-3.80 (9H, m), 4.41 (2H, d, J = 5.0), 4.75-4.97 (2H, m), 5.14-5.25 (2H, m), 5.88-6.00 (1H, m), 6.52-6.73 (2H, m), 6.93-7.32 (5H, m), 8.59 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 631 94 [ESI+]: 702 95 [ESI+]: 648 96 [ESI+]: 634 [EI-MS] 97 [ESI+]: 618 98 [FAB+]: 621

TABLE 125 Ex Data 99 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.86 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.10 (3H, s), 2.30-2.68 (2H, m), 2.94 (3H, s), 3.17-3.50 (5H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.72-5.04 (2H, m), 6.49-6.76 (2H, m), 6.91-7.29 (5H, m), 8.58 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 618 100 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.80-2.05 (5H, m), 2.30-2.60 (2H, m), 2.70 (3H, s), 2.92 (3H, s), 3.23-3.50 (2H, m), 3.65 (2H, dt, 27.3 Hz, 5.0 Hz), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.57 (2H, dt, 47.4 Hz, 5.0 Hz), 4.70-4.93 (2H, m), 6.50-7.35 (7H, m), 11.40 (1H, brs). [ESI+]: 607 101 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.80-2.05 (5H, m), 2.30-2.60 (2H, m), 2.70 (3H, s), 2.94 (3H, s), 3.22-3.50 (2H, m), 3.68-3.83 (8H, m), 4.70-4.93 (2H, m), 6.20 (1H, dt, 3.8 Hz, 55.3 Hz), 6.50-7.35 (7H, m), 11.35 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 625 102 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.86 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.12 (2H, br), 2.39 (2H, br), 2.85 (3H, s), 3.40 (2H, br), 3.48-3.55 (2H, m), 3.64 (2H, br), 3.75 (6H, s), 3.84-3.89 (1H, m), 4.63 (1H, br), 4.91 (1H, br), 6.61 (2H, m), 7.01-7.19 (5H, m), 8.54 (1H, s), 11.6 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 617 103 [ESI+]: 660 104 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.88 (2H, br), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.35 (2H, br), 2.71 (3H, s), 3.40 (2H, br), 3.70 (3H, s), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.84 (2H, br), 6.60 (2H, br), 7.02-7.19 (5H, m), 10.3 (1H, s), 11.3 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 577 105 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.80-2.10 (5H, m), 2.30-2.60 (2H, m), 2.70 (3H, s), 2.92 (3H, s), 3.30-3.50 (4H, m), 3.58-3.80 (10H, m), 4.50 (2H, dt, J = 4.0, 48.0 Hz), 4.82 (2H, br), 6.60 (2H, br), 6.90-7.34 (5H, m), 10.90 (1H, brs). [ESI+]: 651 106 1.88 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.41 (2H, br), 2.70 (3H, s), 3.36 (2H, br), 3.76 (6H, s), 4.12-4.22 (2H, m), 4.29-4.33 (2H, m), 4.85 (2H, br), 5.26-5.40 (1H, m), 6.60 (2H, br), 7.01-7.19 (5H, m). [ESI+]: 605 107 [ESI+]: 727

TABLE 126 Ex Data 108 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.87 (2H, br), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.31-2.52 (2H, m), 3.20-3.39 (5H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.92 (2H, br), 6.58 (2H, s), 6.95-7.29 (5H, m), 8.58 (1H, s), 11.86 (1H, br). [FAB+]: 532 mp: 133-134° C. 109 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.88 (2H, br), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.30-2.45 (2H, m), 2.71 (3H, s), 3.28-3.37 (5H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.83 (2H, br), 6.59 (2H, s), 7.01-7.20 (5H, m), 11.18 (1H, br). [FAB+]: 546 mp: 128-131° C. 110 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.89 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.54-2.82 (2H, m), 3.35-3.50 (2H, m), 3.76 (6H, brs), 4.72-4.98 (2H, m), 6.47-6.97 (4H, m), 7.61 (2H, s), 8.51 (1H, s), 11.34 (1H, br). [FAB+]: 573, 575 mp: 154-156° C. 111 1.87 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.11 (3H, brs), 2.40 (2H, br), 3.38 (2H, br), 3.76 (6H, brs), 4.91 (2H, br), 5.71-5.99 (2H, m), 6.61 (2H, br), 7.61 (2H, s), 8.54 (1H, s), 11.34 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 537 112 [ESI+]: 569 113 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.86 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.40-2.54 (2H, m), 3.23-3.49 (2H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.93 (2H, br), 6.55 (2H, br), 6.93-7.29 (4H, m), 7.61 (2H, s), 8.53 (1H, s), 11.33 (1H, s). [FAB+]: 551 mp: 145-146° C. 114 [FAB+]: 569 115 [FAB+]: 569 116 [FAB+]: 551 117 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.78 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.67 (2H, br), 3.56 (2H, br), 3.74 (6H, s), 4.76-5.00 (2H, m), 6.46-6.76 (2H, m), 7.03-7.20 (2H, m), 7.34 (1H, br), 7.62 (2H, s), 8.54 (1H, s), 11.4 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 585 118 [FAB+]: 558

TABLE 127 Ex Data 119 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.86 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.45 (2H, br), 2.87 (6H, s), 3.39 (2H, br), 3.74 (6H, s), 4.91 (2H, br), 6.57 (2H, br), 7.04-7.18 (4H, m), 8.55 (1H, s), 11.4 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 579 mp: 128-131° C. 120 [ESI+]: 564 121 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.80-2.03 (5H, m), 2.39-2.63 (2H, m), 3.27-3.53 (2H, m), 3.74 (6H, s), 4.56-4.86 (2H, m), 6.53-6.71 (2H, m), 7.01-7.30 (5H, m), 7.57 (2H, s), 8.80 (1H, s), 11.64 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 517 mp: 136-141° C. 122 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.81-2.02 (5H, m), 2.34-2.64 (2H, m), 3.14-3.45 (2H, m), 3.74 (6H, s), 4.56-4.83 (2H, m), 6.54 (2H, s), 6.95-7.29 (5H, m), 7.46-7.57 (3H, m), 8.36 (1H, s), 11.69 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 532 123 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.74-1.86 (2H, m), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.35-2.59 (2H, m), 3.18-3.41 (2H, m), 3.76 (6H, s), 4.44-4.77 (2H, m), 6.51-6.76 (3H, m), 6.97-7.30 (5H, m), 7.45-7.58 (3H, m), 11.77 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 516 124 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.73-2.03 (5H, m), 2.29-2.62 (2H, m), 3.09-3.42 (2H, m), 3.64-3.80 (6H, m), 4.34-4.68 (2H, m), 6.10 (1H, s), 6.57 (2H, s), 6.94-7.41 (9H, m), 11.34 (1H, s). [FAB+]: 515 125 [ESI+]: 633 126 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.76-1.83 (2H, m), 2.49-2.57 (2H, m), 2.66-2.69 (3H, m), 2.87 (6H, s), 3.37-3.56 (4H, m), 3.70-3.74 (6H, m), 4.68-4.87 (2H, m), 6.45-6.53 (2H, m), 7.02-7.27 (6H, m), 10.78 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 575 mp: 132-135° C. 127 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.77-1.85 (2H, m), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.35-2.60 (2H, m), 3.20-3.40 (5H, m), 3.77 (6H, s), 4.49-4.73 (2H, m), 6.59-7.52 (9H, m), 12.13 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 515 128 [ESI+]: 547 129 [ESI+]: 559

TABLE 128 Ex Data 130 [ESI+]: 545 131 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 0.75 (2H, br), 0.97 (2H, br), 1.87 (3H, brs), 2.46 (2H, br), 3.23-3.45 (2H, m), 3.71 (6H, s), 4.92 (2H, br), 6.57 (2H, br), 6.94-7.31 (5H, m), 7.60 (2H, s), 8.53 (1H, s), 11.33 (1H, br). [FAB+]: 559 mp: 147-149° C. 132 [FAB+]: 599 133 1.02 (2H, br), 1.21 (2H, br), 1.34 (2H, br), 2.23 (2H, br), 2.69 (3H, s), 3.35 (2H, br), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.66 (2H, br), 6.87-7.26 (9H, m), 7.58 (2H, br), 10.6 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 543 134 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.85 (2H, br), 2.39 (2H, br), 2.71 (3H, s), 3.43 (2H, br), 3.67 (3H, s), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.70-4.85 (2H, m), 6.48-6.56 (2H, m), 6.93-7.19 (5H, m), 10.3 (1H, s), 11.4 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 563 135 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.82-1.95 (5H, m), 2.35-2.55 (5H, m), 2.71 (3H, s), 3.26-3.51 (2H, m), 3.71 (6H, s), 4.67-4.91 (3H, m), 5.21 (1H, s), 6.53-6.74 (2H, m), 6.96-7.28 (5H, m), 7.64 (1H, brs), 10.82 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 587 136 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.84 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.21 (3H, s), 2.32 (2H, br), 2.54 (3H, d, J = 4.4 Hz), 3.32-3.45 (2H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.79-4.93 (2H, m), 6.58-7.11 (6H, m), 7.64 (1H, br), 8.56 (1H, s), 11.4 (1H, s). [FAB+]: 561 137 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.88 (2H, br), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.41-2.55 (5H, m), 3.36 (2H, br), 3.76 (6H, s), 4.81-4.93 (2H, m), 6.60-7.66 (5H, m), 8.55 (1H, s), 11.4 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 553 138 [ESI+]: 580 139 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.86 (2H, br), 1.99 (3H, s), 2.39 (2H, br), 2.53 (3H, br), 3.32 (2H, br), 3.74 (6H, s), 4.77-4.99 (2H, m), 6.50-7.00 (5H, m), 7.64 (1H, br), 8.56 (1H, s), 11.4 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 583 140 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.86 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.33 (3H, s), 2.39 (2H, br), 2.54-2.75 (4H, m), 3.40 (2H, br), 3.76 (6H, s), 4.77-4.98 (2H, m), 6.35-6.74 (4H, m), 7.65 (1H, br), 8.56 (1H, s), 11.4 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 567

TABLE 129 Ex Data 141 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.03-1.08 (2H, m), 1.85 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.42 (2H, br), 2.71 (3H, m), 2.94-3.01 (2H, m), 3.48 (2H, br), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.83 (2H, br), 6.56 (2H, br), 6.97-7.22 (5H, m), 7.79 (1H, br), 10.8 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 593 142 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.82 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.49-2.55 (8H, m), 3.44 (2H, br), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.90 (2H, br), 6.55-6.80 (3H, m), 7.12 (1H, br), 7.63 (1H, br), 8.55 (1H, s), 11.3 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 567 143 [ESI+]: 591, 593 144 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.80-1.92 (2H, m), 2.30-2.67 (2H, m), 3.26-3.54 (2H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.64-4.95 (2H, m), 6.45-6.75 (3H, m), 6.89-7.36 (5H, m), 7.67 (2H, s), 11.32 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 553 145 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.86 (2H, br), 2.32-2.60 (5H, m), 3.22-3.54 (2H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.68-4.93 (2H, m), 6.45-6.62 (3H, m), 6.92-7.34 (5H, m), 11.76 (1H, br). [FAB+]: 552 mp: 113-114° C. 146 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.78-2.04 (5H, m), 2.34-2.65 (5H, m), 3.24-3.50 (2H, m), 3.55-3.82 (6H, m), 4.61-4.91 (2H, m), 6.61-6.63 (2H, m), 6.93-7.28 (5H, m), 7.59-8.09 (4H, m), 11.07 (1H, s). [FAB+]: 541 147 [FAB+]: 537 148 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.75-1.84 (2H, m), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.34-2.59 (5H, m), 3.21-3.42 (2H, m), 3.76 (6H, s), 4.43-4.78 (2H, m), 6.51-6.78 (3H, m), 6.95-7.31 (5H, m), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.63 (1H, d, J = 4.7 Hz), 11.72 (1H, s). [FAB+]: 541 149 [ESI+]: 575 150 [ESI+]: 573 151 [ESI+]: 573 152 [ESI+]: 591

TABLE 130 Ex Data 153 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 0.96-1.07 (5H, m), 1.88 (2H, br), 2.40 (2H, br), 2.47-2.64 (2H, m), 2.71 (3H, s), 3.29-3.50 (2H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.61-4.92 (2H, m), 6.53-6.72 (2H, m), 6.92-7.32 (6H, m), 7.67 (1H, br), 10.83 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 575 mp: 162-164° C. 154 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.85 (2H, br), 2.38 (2H, br), 2.44-2.63 (2H, m), 2.71 (3H, s), 3.22-3.50 (2H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.60-4.93 (2H, m), 6.42-6.62 (2H, m), 6.91-7.29 (7H, m), 7.63 (1H, br), 10.83 (1H, brs). [ESI+]: 587 mp: 112-113° C. 155 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.03-1.07 (3H, m), 1.85 (2H, br), 2.40-2.62 (2H, m), 2.71 (3H, br), 2.97 (3H, br), 3.29-3.48 (2H, m), 3.81 (6H, s), 4.67 (1H, br), 4.87 (2H, br), 6.66 (2H, br), 6.82-7.28 (5H, m), 7.77 (1H, br), 10.8 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 611 156 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 0.69-1.01 (4H, m), 1.82-1.92 (3H, m), 2.32-2.58 (5H, m), 2.71 (3H, s), 3.28-3.49 (2H, m), 3.71 (6H, s), 4.60-4.93 (2H, m), 6.46-6.72 (2H, m), 6.90-7.29 (5H, m), 7.64 (1H, brs), 10.81 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 587 157 [ESI+]: 613 158 [FAB+]: 673 159 [ESI+]: 575 160 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.03 (2H, br), 1.22 (2H, br), 1.34 (2H, br), 2.23 (2H, br), 2.54 (3H, s), 2.68 (3H, s), 3.37 (2H, br), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.66 (2H, br), 6.87-7.25 (8H, m), 7.64 (1H, br), 10.7 (1H, s). [FAB+]: 557 161 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.88 (2H, br), 2.40 (2H, br), 2.71 (3H, s), 3.20 (3H, s), 3.49 (2H, br), 3.67 (3H, s), 3.76 (6H, s), 4.38 (2H, s), 4.70-4.87 (2H, m), 6.61-6.75 (2H, m), 7.00-7.18 (5H, m), 10.35 (1H, s). [FAB+]: 607 mp: 151-153° C. 162 [FAB+]: 601 163 [FAB+]: 595

TABLE 131 Ex Data 164 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.78 (3H, s), 1.87 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.39 (2H, br), 3.33 (2H, br), 3.75 (6H, br), 3.85 (2H, t, J = 5.4 Hz), 4.36 (2H, t, J = 5.4 Hz), 4.80-4.94 (2H, m), 6.58-6.73 (2H, m), 7.00-7.14 (5H, m), 8.59 (1H, s), 12.0 (1H, s). [FAB+]: 604 165 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.80-2.10 (5H, m), 2.30-2.50 (2H, m), 2.70 (3H, s), 2.92 (3H, s), 3.30-3.61 (10H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.58 (1H, t, J = 5.3 Hz), 4.65-4.93 (2H, m), 6.55-7.30 (7H, m), 10.91 (1H, brs). [ESI+]: 649 166 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 2.04-2.16 (5H, m), 2.48-2.65 (2H, m), 2.87 (3H, s), 3.53 (2H, br), 3.91 (6H, s), 4.04-4.08 (2H, m), 4.27-4.31 (2H, m), 4.53-4.58 (1H, m), 5.00 (2H, br), 5.93-5.95 (1H, m), 6.76 (2H, br), 7.16-7.34 (5H, m), 11.09 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 603 167 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.87 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.39 (2H, br), 3.20 (2H, br), 3.47 (2H, br), 3.74 (8H, br), 4.78-4.92 (2H, m), 6.58-6.76 (2H, m), 7.01-7.14 (5H, m), 8.32 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 562 168 [FAB+]: 573 169 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.87 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.36 (2H, br), 2.91 (3H, s), 3.30-3.46 (5H, m), 3.56 (2H, d, J = 5.9 Hz), 3.74 (6H, s), 4.91 (2H, br), 6.61 (2H, br), 7.03-7.19 (5H, m), 8.49 (1H, s), 11.4 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 591 170 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.11 (3H, t, J = 3.1 Hz), 1.87 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.40 (2H, br), 3.36-3.45 (6H, m), 3.54-3.57 (2H, m), 3.74 (6H, s), 4.91 (2H, br), 6.61 (2H, br), 7.02-7.19 (5H, m), 8.53 (1H, s), 11.5 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 605 mp: 127-129° C. 171 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.87 (2H, br), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.37 (2H, br), 2.70 (3H, s), 3.35 (2H, br), 3.41-3.44 (4H, m), 3.58 (4H, br), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.84-4.96 (2H, br), 6.60 (2H, br), 7.01-7.18 (5H, m), 11.1 (1H, s). [FAB+]: 635

TABLE 132 Ex Data 172 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.65-1.72 (2H, m), 1.87 (2H, br), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.37 (2H, br), 2.68 (3H, s), 2.89 (3H, s), 3.30-3.44 (6H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.83 (2H, br), 6.60 (2H, br), 7.01-7.19 (5H, m), 8.58 (1H, s), 10.9 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 619 173 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.88 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.42 (2H, br), 3.39 (2H, m), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.92 (2H, br), 6.61 (2H, m), 7.02-7.19 (5H, m), 8.60 (1H, s), 9.33 (1H, s), 9.77 (1H, s), 11.7 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 549 174 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.87 (2H, br), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.41 (2H, br), 2.70 (3H, s), 3.04 (2H, br), 3.42 (2H, br), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.85 (2H, br), 6.59 (2H, br), 6.93-7.18 (5H, m), 10.4 (1H, s), 11.8 (1H, br). [ESI+]: 577 175 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.21 (3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz), 1.88 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.42 (2H, br), 3.36-3.66 (4H, m), 3.74 (6H, s), 4.11-4.19 (1H, m), 4.91-5.05 (2H, m), 6.61 (2H, br), 7.01-7.19 (5H, m), 8.59 (1H, s), 11.5 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 576 176 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.34-1.77 (2H, m), 2.31-2.42 (2H, m), 2.68 (3H, s), 3.26-3.32 (2H, m), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.62-4.85 (2H, m), 5.23-5.81 (2H, m), 6.86-7.29 (9H, m), 7.58 (2H, br), 10.7 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 533 mp: 120-121° C. 177 [ESI+]: 532 178 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.84 (2H, br), 2.37 (2H, br), 2.70 (3H, s), 2.92 (3H, s), 3.32-3.35 (4H, m), 3.56 (2H, br), 3.75 (6H, s), 4.70-4.99 (2H, m), 6.47-6.55 (3H, m), 7.00 (1H, br), 7.18-7.29 (4H, m), 8.60 (1H, s), 11.0 (1H, s). [ESI+]: 591 179 [ESI+]: 572 180 [ESI+]: 589 181 [ESI+]: 585 182 [ESI+]: 550 183 [ESI+]: 587 184 [ESI+]: 592, 594 185 [ESI+]: 592, 594 186 [ESI+]: 611

TABLE 133 Ex Data 187 [ESI+]: 590 188 [ESI+]: 573 189 [ESI+]: 572 190 [ESI+]: 589 191 [ESI+]: 570 192 [ESI+]: 546 193 [ESI+]: 596 194 [ESI+]: 604 195 [ESI+]: 544 196 [ESI+]: 601 197 [ESI+]: 575 198 [ESI+]: 547 199 [ESI+]: 578, 580 200 [ESI+]: 576 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.26-1.28 (4H, m), 1.41-1.48 (2H, m), 2.15 (3H, s), 2.24 (2H, m), 2.63 (1H, m), 2.69 (3H, s), 2.87 (6H, s), 3.35 (1H, m), 3.77 (3H, s), 4.73-4.78 (2H, m), 5.72-5.95 (2H, m), 7.16-7.35 (2H, m), 8.18 (1H, m), 10.9 (1H, br). 201 [ESI+]: 548 202 [ESI+]: 589 203 [ESI+]: 611 204 [ESI+]: 591 205 [ESI+]: 589 206 [ESI+]: 585 207 [ESI+]: 589 208 [ESI+]: 590 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.23-1.31 (4H, m), 1.41-1.49 (2H, m), 2.20-2.28 (2H, m), 2.68 (3H, s), 2.87 (6H, s), 3.31-3.39 (2H, m), 3.79 (3H, s), 4.71-4.80 (2H, m), 6.73-6.80 (2H, m), 6.92-7.36 (4H, m), 8.19 (1H, br), 10.85 (1H, br). mp: 114-115° C. 209 [ESI+]: 586 210 [ESI+]: 590 211 [ESI+]: 606 212 [ESI+]: 589

TABLE 134 Ex Data 213 [ESI+]: 561 214 [ESI+]: 597 215 [ESI+]: 578 216 [ESI+]: 550 217 [ESI+]: 562 218 [ESI+]: 622 219 [ESI+]: 596, 598 220 [ESI+]: 568 221 [ESI+]: 562 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.26-1.28 (4H, m), 1.43-1.49 (2H, m), 2.28 (2H, m), 2.63 (1H, m), 2.69 (3H, s), 2.87 (6H, s), 3.35 (1H, m), 3.79 (3H, s), 4.73-4.77 (2H, m), 5.87-6.34 (2H, m), 7.16-7.49 (2H, m), 8.15 (1H, m), 10.8 (1H, br). mp: 112-113° C. 222 [ESI+]: 562 223 [ESI+]: 658 224 [ESI+]: 600 225 [ESI+]: 540 226 [ESI+]: 512 227 [ESI+]: 576 228 [ESI+]: 604 229 [ESI+]: 580 230 [ESI+]: 577 231 [ESI+]: 549 232 [ESI+]: 578 233 [ESI+]: 561 234 [ESI+]: 612 235 [ESI+]: 596 236 [ESI+]: 612 237 [ESI+]: 598 238 [ESI+]: 532 239 [ESI+]: 546 240 [ESI+]: 615 241 [ESI+]: 633 242 [ESI+]: 647

TABLE 135 Ex Data 243 [ESI+]: 618 244 [ESI+]: 565 245 [ESI+]: 533 246 [ESI+]: 591 247 [ESI+]: 534 248 [ESI+]: 533 249 [ESI+]: 592 250 [ESI+]: 579 251 [ESI+]: 609 252 [ESI+]: 551 253 [ESI+]: 579 254 [ESI+]: 609 255 [ESI+]: 547 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.32-1.77 (2H, m), 2.28-2.42 (2H, m), 2.52-2.56 (3H, s), 2.65-2.67 (3H, m), 3.27-3.34 (2H, m), 3.72-3.73 (3H, m), 4.62-4.86 (2H, m), 5.24-5.82 (2H, m), 6.85-6.91 (2H, m), 7.04-7.29 (7H, m), 7.63 (1H, br), 10.73 (1H, br). 256 [ESI+]: 567 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.40-1.82 (2H, m), 2.55-2.73 (5H, m), 2.86-2.87 (6H, m), 3.33-3.39 (2H, m), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.63-4.87 (2H, m), 5.28-5.85 (2H, m), 6.73-6.94 (4H, m), 7.20-7.31 (3H, m), 10.79 (1H, br). mp: 118-120° C. 257 [ESI+]: 538 258 [ESI+]: 597 259 [ESI+]: 576 260 [ESI+]: 589 261 [ESI+]: 625, 627 262 [ESI+]: 596, 598 263 [ESI+]: 607 264 [ESI+]: 576 265 [ESI+]: 596, 598

TABLE 136 Ex Data 266 [ESI+]: 546 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.24 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.34-1.78 (2H, m), 2.30-2.40 (2H, m), 2.64-2.66 (3H, m), 3.35-3.50 (4H, m), 3.72-3.73 (3H, m), 4.62-4.86 (2H, m), 5.24-5.82 (2H, m), 6.86-6.90 (2H, m), 7.05-7.29 (7H, m), 11.11 (1H, br). mp: 123-125° C. 267 [ESI+]: 558 268 [ESI+]: 591 269 [ESI+]: 550 270 [ESI+]: 564 271 [ESI+]: 564 272 [ESI+]: 552 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.24 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.43-1.82 (2H, m), 2.55-2.73 (5H, m), 3.33-3.39 (2H, m), 3.44-3.51 (2H, m), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.63-4.87 (2H, m), 5.28-5.85 (2H, m), 6.74-6.94 (4H, m), 7.20-7.31 (3H, m), 11.09 (1H, br). mp: 124-126° C. 273 [ESI+]: 576 274 [ESI+]: 550 275 [ESI+]: 550 276 [ESI+]: 585 277 [ESI+]: 550 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.22-1.81 (2H, m), 2.33-2.40 (2H, m), 2.66-2.68 (3H, m), 3.33-3.41 (5H, m), 3.74-3.76 (3H, m), 4.66-4.89 (2H, m), 5.50-5.86 (2H, m), 6.71-6.85 (2H, m), 7.05-7.31 (6H, m), 11.11 (1H, br). mp: 121-123° C. 278 [ESI+]: 564 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.24 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.32-1.80 (2H, m), 2.32-2.40 (2H, m), 2.65-2.67 (3H, m), 3.32-3.50 (4H, m), 3.74-3.76 (3H, m), 4.66-4.90 (2H, m), 5.50-5.86 (2H, m), 6.71-6.85 (2H, m), 7.04-7.33 (6H, m), 11.10 (1H, br). mp: 111-112° C. 279 [ESI+]: 633 280 [ESI+]: 610, 612 281 [ESI+]: 560

TABLE 137 Ex Data 282 [ESI+]: 565 283 [ESI+]: 553 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.43-1.82 (2H, m), 2.52-2.73 (8H, m), 3.29-3.38 (2H, m), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.61-4.87 (2H, m), 5.28-5.84 (2H, m), 6.73-6.93 (4H, m), 7.20-7.31 (3H, m), 7.62 (1H, br), 10.70 (1H, br). mp: 106-109° C. 284 [ESI+]: 565 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.33-1.82 (2H, m), 2.32-2.42 (2H, m), 2.53 (3H, s), 2.68 (3H, s), 3.34-3.42 (2H, m), 3.74-3.76 (3H, m), 4.64-4.92 (2H, m), 5.50-5.87 (2H, m), 6.69-6.86 (2H, m), 7.02-7.32 (6H, m), 7.62 (1H, br), 10.71 (1H, br). 285 [ESI+]: 560 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.30 (6H, d, J = 6.8 Hz), 1.35-1.76 (2H, m), 2.28-2.42 (2H, m), 2.63-2.65 (3H, m), 3.26-3.34 (2H, m), 3.72-3.81 (4H, m), 4.63-4.86 (2H, m), 5.24-5.83 (2H, m), 6.85-6.90 (2H, m), 7.04-7.29 (7H, m), 11.09 (1H, br). mp: 137-138° C. 286 [ESI+]: 607 287 [ESI+]: 532 288 [ESI+]: 601 289 [ESI+]: 563 290 [ESI+]: 561 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.32-1.78 (2H, m), 2.30-2.42 (2H, m), 2.73-2.65 (3H, m), 2.86-2.88 (6H, m), 3.27-3.32 (2H, m), 3.72-3.73 (3H, m), 4.62-4.86 (2H, m), 5.24-5.83 (2H, m), 6.86-6.90 (2H, m), 7.04-7.29 (7H, m), 10.82 (1H, br). mp: 110-112° C. 291 [ESI+]: 562 292 [ESI+]: 575 293 [ESI+]: 581, 583 294 [ESI+]: 552, 554 295 [ESI+]: 595, 597 296 [ESI+]: 592 297 [ESI+]: 576 298 [ESI+]: 612, 614 299 [ESI+]: 650, 652

TABLE 138 Ex Data 300 [ESI+]: 606, 608 301 [ESI+]: 628 302 [ESI+]: 576 303 [ESI+]: 590 304 [ESI+]: 590 305 [ESI+]: 612 306 [ESI+]: 561 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.01 (3H, t, J = 7.2), 1.86 (2H, br), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.32-2.64 (2H, m), 2.69-2.79 (2H, m), 3.28-3.51 (2H, br), 3.74 (6H, s), 4.66-4.97 (2H, m), 5.50 (1H, br), 6.51-6.85 (2H, m), 6.94-7.35 (5H, m), 7.83 (1H, s). mp: 203-205° C. 307 [ESI+]: 576 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.26-1.28 (4H, m), 1.41-1.48 (2H, m), 2.15 (3H, s), 2.19-2.26 (2H, m), 2.58 (6H, s), 2.60 (3H, s), 3.25-3.32 (2H, m), 3.78 (3H, s), 4.68 (2H, br), 5.72-5.96 (2H, m), 7.31-7.42 (2H, m), 8.15 (1H, br). 308 [ESI+]: 590 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.21-1.31 (4H, m), 1.40-1.49 (2H, m), 2.22-2.29 (2H, m), 2.58 (6H, s), 2.62 (3H, s), 3.23-3.29 (2H, m), 3.79 (3H, s), 6.76-6.82 (2H, m), 6.92-7.06 (1H, m), 7.19-7.41 (3H, m), 8.16 (1H, br). mp: 219-221° C.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof has an antagonistic action against LPA receptor and can be used as an agent for preventing and/or treating diseases caused by LPA. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof:

wherein A is aryl which may be substituted or an aromatic hetero ring group which may be substituted, B is a 5-membered aromatic hetero ring group which may be substituted, X is a single bond or —(CR^(X1)R^(X2))_(n)—, n is 1, 2, 3, or 4, R^(X1) and R^(X2) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, OH, —O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted), or lower alkyl which may be substituted, or R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with each other to form oxo (═O), or R^(X1) and R^(X2) are combined with each other to form C₂₋₅ alkylene which may be substituted, in which when n is 2, 3, or 4, R^(X1) may be combined with adjacent R^(X1) to form a new bond, Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are the same as or different from each other, and are CR^(Y) or N, R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), —S-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), lower alkyl which may be substituted, lower alkenyl which may be substituted, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted, R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), or lower alkyl which may be substituted, m is 1, 2, or 3, R³ is H, or lower alkyl which may be substituted, R⁴ is lower alkyl which may be substituted, lower alkenyl which may be substituted, cycloalkyl which may be substituted, aryl which may be substituted, a hetero ring group which may be substituted, or NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², or R³ and R⁴ may be combined with each other to form C₂₋₅ alkylene which may be substituted, and R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), —C(═O)-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), —C(═O)—O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), —NH—C(═O)-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), lower alkyl which may be substituted, lower alkenyl which may be substituted, cycloalkyl which may be substituted, aryl which may be substituted, or a hetero ring group which may be substituted, or R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² may be combined with nitrogen atoms to which they are bonded to form nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group, in which when R⁴ is NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², at least one of R³, R¹⁰¹, and R¹⁰² is H.
 2. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein A is phenyl which may be substituted with halogen, or a 5-membered aromatic hetero ring which may be substituted with halogen or lower alkyl, and R⁴ is lower alkyl which may be substituted, cycloalkyl which may be substituted, aryl which may be substituted, or a nitrogen-containing hetero ring group which may be substituted, or NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰².
 3. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 2, wherein B is

L is S, and R^(L2) represents H, halogen, or lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or OH.
 4. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 3, wherein X is a single bond, Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), and R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl), lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, R⁴ is lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with halogen, OH, or —O—C(O)-lower alkyl), a 5-membered nitrogen-containing hetero ring group which may be substituted with lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², and R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen), lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with halogen, OH, S-lower alkyl, or a hetero ring group), —C(═O)—O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl), a hetero ring group which may be substituted with lower alkyl, or lower alkenyl, m is 3, and R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen), or lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen.
 5. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 4, wherein Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), and R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, lower alkyl, or —O-(lower alkyl), and R³ is H.
 6. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 5, wherein R⁴ is NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², R¹⁰¹ is H, and R¹⁰² is H, O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen), lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with halogen, OH, S-lower alkyl, or a hetero ring group), —C(═O)—O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl), a hetero ring group which may be substituted with lower alkyl, or lower alkenyl.
 7. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 5, wherein R⁴ is NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², R¹⁰¹ is H, and R¹⁰² is lower alkyl, in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with halogen, OH, S-lower alkyl, or a hetero ring group.
 8. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 5, wherein R⁴ is NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², R¹⁰¹ is H, and R¹⁰² is methyl which may be substituted with a group selected from Group G², ethyl which may be substituted with a group selected from Group G², or propyl which may be substituted with a group selected from Group G², in which Group G² is halogen, OH, S-lower alkyl, or a hetero ring group.
 9. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 3, wherein X is a single bond, Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, and Y⁵ are CR^(Y), and R^(Y)'s are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl), lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, or cycloalkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —O-lower alkyl, R³ is H, R⁴ is NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen), —C(═O)-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen), —C(═O)—O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen), lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or OH, or hetero ring which may be substituted with halogen or OH, or R¹⁰¹ and R¹⁰² are combined with nitrogen atoms to which they are bonded to form a nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring, m is 3, and R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, —O-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen), or lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen.
 10. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 9, wherein R⁴ is NR¹⁰¹R¹⁰², R¹⁰¹ is H, and R¹⁰² is H, methoxy, acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, methyl, ethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, or pyridin-2-yl.
 11. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 1, which is N-(aminosulfonyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide; 5-chloro-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide; 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-[(ethylamino)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide; 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-methyl-N-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide; 2-{[(4-ethyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-methyl-N-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide; N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-[({[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}[3-(5-methyl-2-furyl)propyl]amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, or N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-[([3-(3-fluorophenyl)propyl]{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide.
 12. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 11, which is N-(aminosulfonyl)-2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide.
 13. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 11, which is 2-{[(4-ethyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-5-methyl-N-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide.
 14. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 11, which is 2-{[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-N-[(ethylamino)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide.
 15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or a salt thereof according to claim 12 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
 16. A method for treating a disease caused by lysophosphatidic acid selected from the group consisting of benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary dysfunction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder neck sclerosis, and underactive bladder, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or a salt thereof according to claim 11 to a subject in need thereof.
 17. A method for treating a disease caused by lysophosphatidic acid selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, chronic renal diseases associated with fibrosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or a salt thereof according to claim 11 to a subject in need thereof.
 18. A method for treating urinary dysfunction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or a salt thereof according to claim 12 to a subject in need thereof.
 19. A method for treating urinary dysfunction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or a salt thereof according to claim 13 to a subject in need thereof.
 20. A method for treating urinary dysfunction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or a salt thereof according to claim 14 to a subject in need thereof.
 21. A method for treating urinary dysfunction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, comprising orally administering an effective amount of a compound or a salt thereof according to claim 12 to a subject in need thereof.
 22. A method for treating urinary dysfunction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, comprising orally administering an effective amount of a compound or a salt thereof according to claim 13 to a subject in need thereof.
 23. A method for treating urinary dysfunction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, comprising orally administering an effective amount of a compound or a salt thereof according to claim 14 to a subject in need thereof.
 24. A method for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or a salt thereof according to claim 12 to a subject in need thereof.
 25. A method for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or a salt thereof according to claim 13 to a subject in need thereof.
 26. A method for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or a salt thereof according to claim 14 to a subject in need thereof. 